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CVR Biweekly 3 > Cardiac Infections- Audia > Flashcards

Cardiac Infections- Audia Flashcards

1
Q

chest pain, sob, fever

A

cardiac infection, not MI

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2
Q

due to bacterial infection attacking valves of heart

A

endocarditis

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3
Q

due to viral infection attacking muscles of ventricle

A

myocarditis

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4
Q

due to viral infection attacking pericardial sac

A

pericarditis

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5
Q

most common cardiac infection

A

endocarditis

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6
Q

cardiac infection usually seen in immunocompromised patients

A

myocarditis

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7
Q

lymphocytes biomarker for what

A

viral infection

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8
Q

eosinophils biomarker for what

A

drug-associated

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9
Q

neutrophils biomarker for what

A

bacteria

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10
Q

giant cells biomarker for what

A

Idiopathic (no identifiable cause)

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11
Q

fever, chills, sob, cough, splinter hemorrhages

A

endocarditis

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12
Q

key to this is damaged heart valves

A

endocarditis

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13
Q

low grade fever, affects abnormal valves

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

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14
Q

higher fever, affects normal valves

A

acute infective endocarditis

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15
Q

if tricuspid valve is affected, what do you look for

A

catheter or IV drug abuse

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16
Q

function of biofilms

A

protection
resist phagocytosis
limit penetration of Ab’s

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17
Q
A

endocarditis

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18
Q
A

L: normal
R: vegetation

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19
Q

risk factors for this include:
congenital heart abnormalities
structural defects
RHD
catheters
IV drug abuse
chronic alcoholism

A

Endocarditis

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20
Q

symptoms include:
fever
fatigue
splinter hemorrhages
janeway lesions
osler’s nodes

A

endocarditis

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21
Q

main bugs causing endocarditis

A

S. aureus
Viridans group strep
Enterococcus species

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22
Q

gram +, catalase and coagulase +

A

S. aureus

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23
Q

bug that most likely causes acute infectious endocarditis

A

S. aureus

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24
Q

bug that is in normal oral flora and is alpha hemolytic

A

Viridans strep (S. mutans)

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25
bug that causes subacute bacterial endocarditis
Viridans Strep (S. mutans)
26
non-hemolytic and gram +; causes subacute bacterial endocarditis (2 names)
Group D strep S. gallolyticus
27
alpha or non-hemolytic and can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis
Enterococcus species
28
main player that attacks prosthetic heart valve
S. aureus
29
to diagnose infectious endocarditis
+ blood cultures echo predisposed conditions CXR urine troponin levels
30
to Rx infectious endocarditis
Ab's (Vanco or gentamycin) surgery
31
hallmark of this is cardiomegaly
infectious myocarditis
32
signs of this include: abnormal heart beat chest pain fatigue fever arthralgia lower leg edema sob syncope
myocarditis
33
3 main causes of myocarditis
infections RF drugs toxins
34
specific toxin that can cause myocarditis
diphtheria toxin
35
main viral cause of myocarditis
coxsackie B
36
transmitted by fecal/oral route
Coxsackie B
37
fecal/oral route and starts in URT and can cause sore throat
Coxsackie B
38
phase of myocarditis where viremia is produced from GI tract
acute phase
39
phase of myocarditis (4-14 days) where there is infiltration of NK, macrophages, and T cells
subacute phase
40
phase of myocarditis (15-90) days
Chronic phase
41
worst case scenario for myocarditis
CHF
42
2 main causes of BACTERIAL myocarditis
Diphtheria Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi)
43
the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) can cause what
infectious myocarditis
44
to diagnose myocarditis
imaging (CXR, MRI)
45
what grade?
grade 2
46
biomarkers for cardiac injury
troponin I creatine kinase lactate CRP ESR leukocytosis
47
Rx myocarditis
supportive care (rest)
48
Rx HF w/ myocarditis
ACEIs, diuretics, digoxin
49
Rx arrhythmia w/ myocarditis
quinidine, procainamide
50
what to use to prevent thromboembolism w/ myocarditis
anticoags
51
what are you worried about with infectious pericarditis
cardiac tamponade
52
chest pain prominent especially while laying down
pericarditis
53
most common viral cause of pericarditis
coxsackie B
54
to treat pericarditis
ASPIRIN AND NSAIDs; treat symptoms or use Ab's if bacterial; remove fluid
55
labs to order to diagnose pericarditis
CBC BUN CRP ESR cardiac biomarkers blood cultures
56
patient w/ splenectomy is most likely to go into ____ shock
septic (distributive)
57
most common organism causing sepsis in asplenic patient
S. pneumoniae
58
most likely source of bacteremia for E. coli
urinary tract
59
most likely source of bacteremia for coxsackie B
GI
60
caused by HACEK, coxiella, bartonella species
blood culture - endocarditis
61
to diagnose culture - endocarditis
blood cultures (come back within 2 weeks) serology (coxiella + bartonella)
62
to treat acute native valve blood culture negative endocarditis
vancomycin + cefepime for 6 wks
63
to Rx subacute native valve blood culture - endocarditis
vancomycin + ampicillin sulbactam
64
paramyxovirus that causes URTIs and LRTIs seen in children, elderly, and immunocompromised
human metapneumovirus (hMPV)
65
this virus related to RSV can cause myocarditis
hMPV
66
to dx hMPV
nucleic acid amplification test for viral genome
67
to Rx hMPV w/ HF sx's
supportive care w/ HF drugs
68
patient presents w/ chest pain, fever, HA, lymphadenopathy; she recently traveled to south america
myocarditis secondary to Chagas disease
69
EKG: anterior ST depression eye: Romana sign what is the pathogen?
Trypanosoma cruzi
70
this drug is used to treat myocarditis from T. cruzi; produces free radicals
benznidazole
71
Romanas sign
72
T. cruzi
73
what 3 things are used to diagnose myocarditis secondary to chagas disease
blood smear Ab test ELISA
74
procedure done to drain excess fluid in the sac around the heart
pericardiotomy
75
pericardial effusion w/ chest pain and fever weeks after cardiac surgery
post pericardiotomy syndrome
76
how does PPS happen?
immune-mediated damage from tissue damage during surgery
77
to diagnose PPS
fever and elevated CRP w/ no evidence of infection hx echo CXR
78
to treat post pericardiotomy syndrome
NSAIDs and colchicine

CVR Biweekly 3 (12 decks)

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