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CVR Biweekly 3 > Cardiac Infections- Audia > Flashcards

Cardiac Infections- Audia Flashcards

1
Q

chest pain, sob, fever

A

cardiac infection, not MI

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2
Q

due to bacterial infection attacking valves of heart

A

endocarditis

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3
Q

due to viral infection attacking muscles of ventricle

A

myocarditis

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4
Q

due to viral infection attacking pericardial sac

A

pericarditis

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5
Q

most common cardiac infection

A

endocarditis

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6
Q

cardiac infection usually seen in immunocompromised patients

A

myocarditis

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7
Q

lymphocytes biomarker for what

A

viral infection

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8
Q

eosinophils biomarker for what

A

drug-associated

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9
Q

neutrophils biomarker for what

A

bacteria

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10
Q

giant cells biomarker for what

A

Idiopathic (no identifiable cause)

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11
Q

fever, chills, sob, cough, splinter hemorrhages

A

endocarditis

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12
Q

key to this is damaged heart valves

A

endocarditis

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13
Q

low grade fever, affects abnormal valves

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

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14
Q

higher fever, affects normal valves

A

acute infective endocarditis

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15
Q

if tricuspid valve is affected, what do you look for

A

catheter or IV drug abuse

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16
Q

function of biofilms

A

protection
resist phagocytosis
limit penetration of Ab’s

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17
Q
A

endocarditis

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18
Q
A

L: normal
R: vegetation

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19
Q

risk factors for this include:
congenital heart abnormalities
structural defects
RHD
catheters
IV drug abuse
chronic alcoholism

A

Endocarditis

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20
Q

symptoms include:
fever
fatigue
splinter hemorrhages
janeway lesions
osler’s nodes

A

endocarditis

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21
Q

main bugs causing endocarditis

A

S. aureus
Viridans group strep
Enterococcus species

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22
Q

gram +, catalase and coagulase +

A

S. aureus

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23
Q

bug that most likely causes acute infectious endocarditis

A

S. aureus

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24
Q

bug that is in normal oral flora and is alpha hemolytic

A

Viridans strep (S. mutans)

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25
Q

bug that causes subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Viridans Strep (S. mutans)

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26
Q

non-hemolytic and gram +; causes subacute bacterial endocarditis (2 names)

A

Group D strep
S. gallolyticus

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27
Q

alpha or non-hemolytic and can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Enterococcus species

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28
Q

main player that attacks prosthetic heart valve

A

S. aureus

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29
Q

to diagnose infectious endocarditis

A

+ blood cultures
echo
predisposed conditions
CXR
urine
troponin levels

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30
Q

to Rx infectious endocarditis

A

Ab’s (Vanco or gentamycin)
surgery

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31
Q

hallmark of this is cardiomegaly

A

infectious myocarditis

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32
Q

signs of this include:
abnormal heart beat
chest pain
fatigue
fever
arthralgia
lower leg edema
sob
syncope

A

myocarditis

33
Q

3 main causes of myocarditis

A

infections
RF
drugs
toxins

34
Q

specific toxin that can cause myocarditis

A

diphtheria toxin

35
Q

main viral cause of myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

36
Q

transmitted by fecal/oral route

A

Coxsackie B

37
Q

fecal/oral route and starts in URT and can cause sore throat

A

Coxsackie B

38
Q

phase of myocarditis where viremia is produced from GI tract

A

acute phase

39
Q

phase of myocarditis (4-14 days) where there is infiltration of NK, macrophages, and T cells

A

subacute phase

40
Q

phase of myocarditis (15-90) days

A

Chronic phase

41
Q

worst case scenario for myocarditis

A

CHF

42
Q

2 main causes of BACTERIAL myocarditis

A

Diphtheria
Lyme Disease (B. burgdorferi)

43
Q

the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) can cause what

A

infectious myocarditis

44
Q

to diagnose myocarditis

A

imaging (CXR, MRI)

45
Q

what grade?

A

grade 2

46
Q

biomarkers for cardiac injury

A

troponin I
creatine kinase
lactate
CRP
ESR
leukocytosis

47
Q

Rx myocarditis

A

supportive care (rest)

48
Q

Rx HF w/ myocarditis

A

ACEIs, diuretics, digoxin

49
Q

Rx arrhythmia w/ myocarditis

A

quinidine, procainamide

50
Q

what to use to prevent thromboembolism w/ myocarditis

A

anticoags

51
Q

what are you worried about with infectious pericarditis

A

cardiac tamponade

52
Q

chest pain prominent especially while laying down

A

pericarditis

53
Q

most common viral cause of pericarditis

A

coxsackie B

54
Q

to treat pericarditis

A

ASPIRIN AND NSAIDs; treat symptoms or use Ab’s if bacterial; remove fluid

55
Q

labs to order to diagnose pericarditis

A

CBC
BUN
CRP
ESR
cardiac biomarkers
blood cultures

56
Q

patient w/ splenectomy is most likely to go into ____ shock

A

septic (distributive)

57
Q

most common organism causing sepsis in asplenic patient

A

S. pneumoniae

58
Q

most likely source of bacteremia for E. coli

A

urinary tract

59
Q

most likely source of bacteremia for coxsackie B

A

GI

60
Q

caused by HACEK, coxiella, bartonella species

A

blood culture - endocarditis

61
Q

to diagnose culture - endocarditis

A

blood cultures (come back within 2 weeks)
serology (coxiella + bartonella)

62
Q

to treat acute native valve blood culture negative endocarditis

A

vancomycin + cefepime for 6 wks

63
Q

to Rx subacute native valve blood culture - endocarditis

A

vancomycin + ampicillin sulbactam

64
Q

paramyxovirus that causes URTIs and LRTIs seen in children, elderly, and immunocompromised

A

human metapneumovirus (hMPV)

65
Q

this virus related to RSV can cause myocarditis

A

hMPV

66
Q

to dx hMPV

A

nucleic acid amplification test for viral genome

67
Q

to Rx hMPV w/ HF sx’s

A

supportive care w/ HF drugs

68
Q

patient presents w/ chest pain, fever, HA, lymphadenopathy; she recently traveled to south america

A

myocarditis secondary to Chagas disease

69
Q

EKG: anterior ST depression
eye: Romana sign
what is the pathogen?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

70
Q

this drug is used to treat myocarditis from T. cruzi; produces free radicals

A

benznidazole

71
Q
A

Romanas sign

72
Q
A

T. cruzi

73
Q

what 3 things are used to diagnose myocarditis secondary to chagas disease

A

blood smear
Ab test
ELISA

74
Q

procedure done to drain excess fluid in the sac around the heart

A

pericardiotomy

75
Q

pericardial effusion w/ chest pain and fever weeks after cardiac surgery

A

post pericardiotomy syndrome

76
Q

how does PPS happen?

A

immune-mediated damage from tissue damage during surgery

77
Q

to diagnose PPS

A

fever and elevated CRP w/ no evidence of infection
hx
echo
CXR

78
Q

to treat post pericardiotomy syndrome

A

NSAIDs and colchicine

CVR Biweekly 3 (12 decks)

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