Congenital Heart Diseases- Batten Flashcards
most common birth defect
congenital heart defect
what resistance is high at birth and then falls once
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (lungs not being used in the womb)
what causes fluid in lungs w/ heart defect
L to R shunt of blood causes backup in the lungs
what usually closes within 3 days of birth
PDA
what resistance increases at birth when umbilical cord is clamped
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
result of this shunt is pulmonary overcirculation
L to R shunt
infant presents w/:
tachypnea
worried face
diaphoresis
crackles
poor weight gain
hepatomegaly
pulmonary edema + cardiomegaly on CXR
L to R shunt (CHF)
what can L to R shunt lead to later
pulmonary HTN
what syndrome can arise from L to R shunt that reverses to R to L shunt after a while; cyanotic
Eisenmenger syndrome
Rx for infant with CHF
diuretics (decrease preload)
ACEI’s (decrease afterload)
type of L to R shunt that has perimembranous type as most common
VSD
_____ septal defect can cause more pressure in RV and then pushed into pulmonary a.
ventricular
harsh holosystolic murmur heard at LLSB (S1 and S2 hard to hear)
VSD
Patent foramen ovale
secundum ASD
primum ASD
flap of foramen ovale made out of what
septum primum
fixed, split S2 holosystolic murmur at LUSB
ASD
_____don’t cause early CHF like VSD’s and can go unheard
ASD’s
most common defect in down syndrome
AV Canal
this has result of AV valve dumping into both ventricles (both sides of heart get big)
AV canal defect
baby can develop this if mom has rubella infection during pregnancy
PDA
usually closes at birth when lungs start functioning and drop in prostaglandin
PDA
continuous machinery-like murmur at LUSB
PDA
Rx for PDA if given early (will close it)
NSAIDs
4 main types of L to R shunts
VSD, ASD, AV canal defect, PDA
2 main types of R to L shunts
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Arteries
infants with this shunt present with cyanosis and tachypnea
R to L shunt
most common cyanotic heart defect in children
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
this R to L shunt is associated with DiGeorge syndrome
Tetralogy of Fallot
murmur at LSB from pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
to treat “tet spell”
increase SVR to stop R to L shunting
drugs used to treat “tet spell”
morphine and phenylephrine
Rx d-TGA when cyanotic baby is born
give prostaglandin to keep PDA open
baby is cyanotic and acidotic, what to do
balloon atrial septostomy
this causes an increase in afterload and decrease in perfusion to lower body
coarctation of the aorta
common in Turner’s syndrome; high bp of arm; diminished femoral pulses
coarctation of aorta
LUSB murmur but heard loudest on the back
coarctation of aorta
cyanosis of kids seen where
lips; clubbing of fingers
coronary a. anomaly that can cause sudden cardiac arrest
anomalous L coronary a.
causes sudden cardiac arrest in athletes
anomalous RCA
infection of valves
endocarditis (vegetation)
