Malignant Tumors Flashcards
Melanoma
- What is it
- Cause
Malignant Tumor of the skin
Proliferation of atypical melanocytes associated with UV exposure
Melanoma
Demographics
Laterality
More common in caucasians
Unilateral
Melanoma
Symptoms and signs
Symptoms- Asymptomatic, bump on eyelid
Signs- Variable appearance. Flat or slightly raised and discolored, asymmetrical patch with uneven borders.
Asymmetry Indistinct borders Various colors 6mm diameter or larger Evolving- change in size or shape. New mole after 40.
Melanoma
Complications
Metastasis, strong propensity
Melanoma
Management
Surgical excision/biopsy
Least common eyelid malignancy
BUT
Most dangerous eyelid malignancy due to metastasis
Melanoma.
Represents 1% of all eyelid tumors.
Accounts for the majority of skin cancer death.
5 Year survival rate is 99% if treated prior to metastasis.
62% if it travels to LN
20% if it travels to organs
Basal Cell Carcinoma
What is it
Cause
Malignant tumor of the skin
Proliferation of atypical basal epithelial cells. Associated with UV exposure
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Demographics
Laterality
Typically develops after age of 50. More common in caucasians.
Unilateral
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Symptoms
Signs
Asymptomatic, bump on eyelid.
Variable appearance- pink, shiny, firm, pearly nodule with small overlying blood vessels. Centrally ulcerated with pearly raised edges. Firm, waxy yellow plaque with indistinct borders. Open sore.
ABCDE
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Most frequently involves which part of the lid
LL > Medial canthus > UL > Lateral canthus
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Complications
Orbital extension, metastasis is extremely rare.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Management
Surgical excision and biopsy
Most common skin cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
90% occur on head and neck. 10% of those involve the eyelid.
Most common eyelid cancer. Accounts for __%
Basal Cell Carcinoma
90%
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- What is it
- Cause
Malignant tumor of the skin.
Proliferation of atypical squamous epithelial cells associated with UV exposure.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Demographics
Laterality
Develops after age 50
More common in caucasians
Unilateral
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Symptoms
Signs
Symptoms- Asymptomatic, bump on eyelid.
Signs- Variable appearance, scaly red patch. May have crusting or blood margins.
Rough, thickened, or wart like. Raised growth with central depression. Open sore.
ABCDE
Squamous Cell Carcinoma frequently involves which lid
LL
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Complications
Management
Orbital extension, metastasis.
Management- Surgical excision and biopsy.
2nd most common skin cancer
2nd most common eyelid cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Accounts for 5-10% of eyelid cancer cases
majority of Squamous Cell Carcinomas arise from
Actinic Keratosis
Often appear as small, dry, scaly or crusty patches of skin. Feel dry and rough. Painful, itchy, burning.
5-10% of Actinic Keratosis transform into
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Variant of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Keratoacanthoma.
Clinically may resemble SCC and BCC.
Rapid growth over a few weeks to months followed by slow regression and even spontaneous resolution in 4-6 months.
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
- What is it
- cause
Malignant tumor of the sebaceous gland.
Proliferation of atypical epithelial cells lining sebaceous glands.
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Demographics
Laterality
Typically develops after the age of 50
Unilateral
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Symptoms
Signs
Asymptomatic, bump on lid
Variable appearance- Discrete hard nodule that may exhibit yellow discoloration due to the presence of lipid. May resemble benign lesions such as a recurrent chalazian, hordeolum, and blepharitis.
Spreads along the conj surface.
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma most frequently involves with lid
UL
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Complications and management
Orbital Extension, metastasis
Surgical excision and biopsy
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Represents __% of all eyelid tumors
Overall mortality is __ due to metastasis
less than 1%
5-10% mortality
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- What is it
- Cause
Malignant tumor that usually appears on the skin or mucosal surfaces. Skin lesions most often affect the legs and face.
Proliferation of endothelial cells that line lymph or BV in response to capos sarcoma associated herpesvirus.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- Demographics
- Laterality
4 types defined by the populations that acquire KS- AIDS associated, Mediterranean, African, Transplant related.
Unilateral or bilateral
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Symptoms
Signs
Symptoms- Asymptomatic, bump or plaque on eyelid.
Signs- Purple, red, or brown nodule or plaque. Can occur on the eyelid or conj.
ABCDE
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Management
Refer out for treatment.
- HAART
- no improvement? Surgical resection.
No cure. Purpose of therapy is directed at improving cosmoses and slowing progression.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma is considered an ____ illness
AIDS defining
