Malignant Neoplasms Flashcards
What is the most common primary of the liver?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, hepatoma)
Most aggressive renal CA associated with chronic UTIs, stones, strictures
Squamous cell carcinoma
Presents as Cushing’s, Conn’s, viralization/feminization, precocious puberty
Adrenal cortical cancer
Benign cystic neoplasm found in the panc head
Microcystic (serous cystadenoma)
Metastatic lymphoma to the kidney
The most commonly diagnosed cancer in men
Adenocarcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)
The most common malignancy of the pancreas and is associated with smoking, alcohol and diabetes
Adenocarcinoma
The most common tumour of the GI tract in children <10 years
Lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Adenocarcinoma of the GB
Most common malignant tumour of the GI tract
Adenocarcinoma
4 risk factors for HCC
- alcoholic cirrhosis
- hepatitis B & C
- Toxic metabolites
- metabolic disorders
The 4 most common sites of mets
- lung
- liver
- bone
- adrenal
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (hepatoma/HCC)
How do secondary neoplasms spread?
- blood
- lymphatics
- direct invasion
Lymphoma
TCC of the bladder
Focal, non-mobile mass or thickening on the bladder wall
TCC of the bladder
What lab value increases in 70% of patients with HCC?
AFP
Tumour of the collecting system
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
What is the most common primary liver tumour in children? What lab value will be elevated?
Hepatoblastoma, serum AFP elevated
Klatskins Cholangiocarcinoma
What is an extremely rare but aggressive malignancy of the liver that has rapid metastatic spread?
Hemangiosarcoma
Microcystic (serous cystadenoma)
Primary of the peritoneum associated with asbestos exposure
Mesothelioma
Indirect signs of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Dilated pancreatic duct/bile duct
Dilated GB
The most common malignant renal tumour in adults
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC, hypernephroma)
Lab findings in liver mets
LFT’s (ALK PHOS, AST, ALT)
This lymphoma affects the younger age group and those over 60 and 25% have para-aortic lymphadenopathy
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What sonographic characteristics are seen in malignancies?
- Hypoechoic halo
- multiple liver masses
- high velocity signals
- hypervascular lesions
- lymphadenopathy
Most common malignant tumour in the liver
Metastases
What is the sign triad for mets to the kidney?
- nonspecific renal enlargement
- diffusely hypoechoic
- displacement of organs/vessels
This lymphoma arises in the older age group and 50% have para-aortic lymphadenopathy
Non-Hodgkin’s
Highly malignant tumour in the adrenal medulla in small children
Neuroblastoma
Solid mass in the ureter with hydronephrosis
TCC of the ureter
The 3 forms of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct carcinoma)
- Intrahepatic
- Distal
- Hilar (Klatskins)
TCC of the kidney
The most common form of cholangiocarcinoma that appears as a normal CBD and dilated intrahepatic ducts
Klatskins tumour
The most common malignant renal tumour in children
Nephroblastoma
Hepatoblastoma
Larger cystic malignancy of the pancreas tail
Macrocystic (mucinous)
This malignancy is associated with gallstones
Adenocarcinoma of the GB
