Malignant Neoplasia Flashcards
How can you tell if a round cell is malignant?
Round cells are abnormal - usually malignant!
What do round cells originate from
Spindle cells
Cytologic characteristics of round cells
(nucleated cellularity, cell arrangement, morphology, cell boundaries)
- Nucleated cellularity: high (hypercellular)
- Cell arrangement: individual
- Morphology: round cell, round nuclei
- Cell boundaries: distinct
Features of mast cell tumors
- Round cell neoplasm
- Pink, reddish-purple cytoplasmic granules (many granules = advanced maturity)
Stains for mast cell tumors *
*Regular blood stains dont always stain granules*
Use: Toulidine Blue
Features of melanomas
- Round cell (can be spindle cell)
- Green-black cytoplasmic granules
- Location is key! –> interdigital and mouth lesions are malignant
You have found melonams on a dog’s shoulder and neck (no where else). Are these maligant?
No - malignant are interdigital and mouth lesions
Features of transmissible venereal tumors (TVT)
- Round cell neoplasm
- Aggregates of cytoplasmic vacuoles
- Basophilic cytoplasm
- Found in urogenital system - can spread elsewhere
Features of histiocytoma
- Round cell neoplasm
- Pale-clear cytoplasm
- No granules, vacuoles
- Usually in young adults, self-limiting (little intervention necessary)
Features of lymphomas
- Round cell neoplasm
- Vary in size
- Basophilic cytoplasm
- High N:C ratio (huge nucleus)
Features of plasmacytoma
- Deeply basophilic cytoplasm
- Eccentric nucleus
- Perinuclear clear (golgi) zone
- Frequently binucleated
Round cell neoplasms (6)
- Mast cell tumor
- Melanoma
- TVT
- Histiocytoma
- Lymphoma
- Plasmacytoma
Are criteria of malignancy relevant for epithelial neoplasms
Yes - can be benign or malignant
Cytologic features of epithelial neoplasms
(nucleated cellularity, arrangement, morphology, cell boundaries)
- Nucleated cellularity: high (hypercellular) – good cell exfoliation
- Cell arrangement: clusters/sheets
- Morphology: round to polyhedral
- Cell boundaries: distinct
Examples of benign epithelial neoplasm
- Glandular: thyroid adenoma
- Lining epithelium: papilloma
Examples of malignant epithelial neoplasms
- Glandular: mammary adenocarcinoma
- Lining epithelium: squamous cell carcinoma
What type of neoplasm is this? Why?
Epithelial
- Clusters of cells
- Distinct boundaries
- Round/polyhedral shape
- High cellularity
Are criteria of malignancy relevant for mesenchymal neoplasms
Yes - can be malignant or benign
Cytologic features of mesenchymal neoplasms
(nucleated cellularity, arrangement, morphology, cell boundaries)
- Nucleated cellularity: low
- Cell arrangement: individual
- Morphology: spindle (with tails)
- Cell boundaries: indistinct
Fibroma and leiomyoma are examples of which type of neoplasm
Benign mesenchymal neoplasm
Fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, myxosarcoma are examples of which type of neoplasm
Malignant mesenchymal neoplasm
What’s this? Why?
TVT (round-cell neoplasm)
- Vacuoles
- Basophilic cytoplasm
This is what kind of neoplasm? Why?
Mesenchymal neoplasm
- Low cellularity
- Eosinophilic matrix
- Individual cells
- Spindle morphology
- Indistinct cell boundaries
What type of neoplasm? Why?
Mast cell
- Pink/red granules
- Round cell
What type of neoplasm? Why?
Melanoma
- Dark granules!
- Round cell
What type of neoplasm? Why?
Histiocytoma
- Pale, clear cytoplasm
- Lacks granules, vacuoles
- Round cell
What type of neoplasm? Why?
Lymphoma
- High N:C ratio (big nucleus)
- Basophilic cytoplasm
- Round cell
What type of neoplasm? Why?
Plasmacytoma
- Perinuclear clear (golgi) zone
- Eccentric nucleus
- Deeply basophilic cytoplasm
- Round cell
