Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Path > Lab Techniques > Flashcards

Lab Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What are reference intervals

A

The upper and lower limits for 95% of healthy animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of animals are outliers (with concern to reference intervals)

A

1/20 (5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lower reference interval

A

Mean - 2 Standard Deviations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the upper reference interval

A

Mean + 2 Standard Deviations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some reasons in which reference intervals should be used with caution

A

Outliers (5%) Exercise anemia in horses Food ingestion in SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How should you interpret lab results?

A

ERC - Extracting, Rank, Connect Extract: all abnormal value Rank: all abnormal values (below or above RI) to mild, moderate, marked Connect: lab pattern with history and c/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ways of collecting blood

A

Whole Serum Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytology methods

A

Fluids Biopsies FNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Urine collection methods

A

Free catch Cysto Catheterized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When should you collect blood from large animals? Why?

A

Morning - before exercise so splenic contractions dont give innacurate RBC results (may appear higher)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When should you collect blood from small animals? Why?

A

Morning (before meal) - to avoid collection of lipids. Lipids can cause hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an iatrogenic cause of hemolysis in blood collection

A

Needles can cause hemolysis and damage to cell morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect do clots have on blood samples

A

Artefact: lowers platelet, RBC and WBC counts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which element do anticoagulants in blood tubes bind to

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What effect does excess EDTA or excess blood have on blood sample

A

Excess EDTA (too little blood in sample): shrinks RBCs —-> iron deficiency

Excess blood (too much in tube): clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which tube preserves cell morphology best? (TQ)

A

EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 3 benefits of EDTA tube

A

Preserves cell morphology best

Interferes least with romanowsky stains

Prevents clot formation in joint fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F - EDTA is best for coagulation tests

A

False! Forms insoluble complex with Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which tube is best for fish

A

Lithium heparin

20
Q

T/F - EDTA should be frozen (TQ)

A

F - NEVER (cells will expand)

21
Q

Which tube is best for CBC. Do you separate plasma and cells (TQ)

A

EDTA - no you dont separate

22
Q

EDTA: in vitro hemolysis causes which artefacts

A

Lowers RBC Lowers PCV Increases MCHC

23
Q

Which test do you use with lithium heparin (TQ)

A

Chemisty

24
Q

Which is anticoagulant tube of choice for biochemistry?

A

Lithium heparin

25
Q

What is the difference between serum and plasma

A

Serum - no platelets or clotting factors

26
Q

Which is more stable - plasma or serum?

A

Serum. The fibrinogen in plasma increases degradation

27
Q

Which is blood tube of choice for bile acids? TQ

A

Plain blood tube

28
Q

Which is blood tube of choice for serology? TQ

A

Plain blood tube

29
Q

Which is blood tube of choice for glucose and lactate? Why? TQ

A

Fluoride oxalate. It prevents RBCs from using glucose

30
Q

You run an blood assay using a lithium heparate tube. Your results suggest the patient is hypoglycemic. Do you trust these results?

A

No - in lithium heparin RBCs stay active and will utilize glucose in blood. If you run glucose assay in lithium heparate tube, there will be an iatrogenic artefact

31
Q

Which is tube of choice for coagulation tests? TQ

A

Sodium citrate - because it binds poorly with calcium

32
Q

Do you put serum or plasma in sodium citrate tubes

A

Plasma

33
Q

T/F - chemistry samples can be frozen (are there exceptions)

A

True - if analysis is >24h Exception- Ammonia!! Analyze within 60 min `

34
Q

What artefacts are caused by in vitro hemolysis

A

Increased K+

Increased phosphate

Increased AST

35
Q

Should you refridgerate or freeze your biochemistry sample if your analysis is <24h

A

Refridgerate

36
Q

What are evidence of contamination in urine samples

A

Bacteria (rods, cocci) WBCs (neutrophils)

37
Q

What are benefits of cystocentesis? Is it normal to see some blood

A

No contamination by microbes, epithelial cells May see some blood

38
Q

Containers used for urine specimens

A

Sterile, chemical free tubes

39
Q

Why do you need to examine urine specimens asap?

A

Bacterial multiplication may cause cell lysis and casts Causes false positive chemical reactions

40
Q

Which tubes are best for bacterial culture

A

Sterilin tubes (or plain blood tubes)

41
Q

What should you collect lavage samples in

A

EDTA tubes Sterilin tubes

42
Q

What do you collect CSF in

A

EDTA

43
Q

Which 2 samples do you need to analyze in <1hr

A

CSF - very low in protein which maintains cell integrity. Cells degrade quickly. Ammonia

44
Q

What can you add to CSF to stabilize the sample

A

Bovine serum albumin

45
Q

What type of samples are used for touch imprints

A

Punch biospies Necropsies

46
Q

What should you do if you are sending urgent samples on a Friday evening

A

Call the lab

Clin Path (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions