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MED 206- ANATOMY II > MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM II > Flashcards

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM II Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which structures make up the internal Male genitalia?
A
  • Vas Deferens
  • Prostate
  • Urethra
  • Female equivalents:
  • Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes)
  • Skene’s Glands (sexual secretions)
  • Urethra
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2
Q
  1. The prostate gland develops rapidly at puberty. What is its shape?
A
  • inverted cone
  • its apex is found at the pelvic Diaphragm
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3
Q
  1. What are the 4 zones of the Prostate?
A
  1. Peripheral Zone
    (70% Glandular tissue)
  2. Central Zone
    (20% Glandular tissue)
  3. Transition Zone
    (75% Glandular tissue)
  4. Anterior Fibromuscular Stroma
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4
Q
  1. Which zone of the Prostate Gland can be felt during a rectal exam?
A
  • the Peripheral Zone
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5
Q
  1. Which zone of the Prostate Gland is most likely to develop tumours and carcinomas?
A
  • the Peripheral Zone
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6
Q
  1. Which zone of the Prostate Gland is most likely to develop Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
A
  • the Transitional Zone
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7
Q
  1. What is benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
A
  • the prostate gland enlarges and
    hardens with age
  • this is not cancerous
  • the enlarged prostate gland presses
    on the Urethra
  • individual has to urinate more
    frequently
  • they cannot delay urination
  • they have trouble starting a urine
    stream
  • weak urine flow
  • dribbling at the end of urination

NB:
- 50% of men have symptoms by 50
- 70% of men have symptoms by 70

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8
Q
  1. What structure passes through the Prostate?
A
  • the prostatic Urethra
  • carries urine and semen out of the body
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9
Q
  1. Which structures pierce the posterior part of the Prostate Gland?
A
  • the Seminal Vesicles and the Ductus
    Deferens
  • they form the ejaculatory ducts that
    pierce the posterior
    surface (just below the bladder)
  • they drain into the Prostatic Urethra
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10
Q
  1. Which substance is elevated during prostate cancer?
A
  • Prostate Specific Antigen levels in
    the blood
  • this is a protease that liquifies
    semen
  • allowing the release of spermatozoa
  • healthy males have low
    concentrations of this antigen
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11
Q
A
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12
Q
  1. How do we clinically prove Prostate enlargment?
A
  1. Digital Rectal Exam
  2. Urine test
  3. Blood test
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13
Q
  1. What is the blood supply to the Prostate Gland?
A
  • Inferior Vesical Artery (main supply)
  • Middle Rectal Artery
  • Internal Pudendal Artery
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14
Q
  1. What surrounds the Prostate Gland?
A
  • thin, strong capsule
  • condensation of fascia (false
    capsule) at the periphery
  • the prostatic venous plexus lies
    between these two capsules
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15
Q
  1. What does the Prostatic Venous Plexus drain into?
A
  • drains into the Internal Iliac Veins
  • connects to the Vertebral Venous
    plexus
  • bone metastasis can be caused by
    prostate cancer (along this route)
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16
Q
  1. What is the Lymphatic drainage of the Prostate Gland?
A
  1. Lymph drainage from the Posterior
    Lobe
    - External Iliac Nodes
    (lateral pathway)
    - Internal Iliac Nodes
    (laterodorsal pathway)
    - Sacral Nodes (dorsal pathway)
    - Promontorial Common Iliac Nodes
    (dorsal pathway)
  2. Lymph drainage from the Anterior
    Lobe
    - External Iliac Nodes
    - Inferior Gluteal Nodes
    (part of Internal Iliac)
17
Q
  1. What is the shape of the Seminal Vessicles?
A
  • they are pear shaped (piriform)
  • consist of a sac-like tube that folds
    in on itself
18
Q
  1. What is the function of the Seminal Vesicles?
A
  • produce Seminal fluid
  • a major component of Semen (60%)
  • contains elements to nourish the
    sperm
    (fructose and prostaglandins)
  • helps to transport sperm during
    ejaculation
19
Q
  1. What are the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands?
A
  • small, paired glands near the base
    of the penis
  • a short duct from each gland enters
    at the proximal end of the penile
    (spongy) urethra at the bulb of the
    penis
  • secrete alkaline mucus in response
    to sexual stimulation
  • neutralises acidity of Vagina
  • cleanses the urethra of urine before
    ejaculation
20
Q
  1. What is the female equivalent to Bulbourethral glands?
A
  • Bartholin’s (greater vestibular)
    glands
  • found on either side of the Vaginal
    Introitus
  • produce a mucus secretion that
    lubricates the vaginal canal and the
    vulva
21
Q
  1. What are the 4 sections of the Urethra?
A
  1. Pre-Prostatic (0.5-1.5 cm)
  2. Prostatic (3 cm)
    - widest and most dilatable part
    - passes through the apex of the
    Prostate
  3. Membranous (1-2 cm)
    - enclosed by external urethra
    sphincter (helps to hold urine in)
    - shortest and least dilatable part of
    urethra
  4. Spongy Urethra (15cm)
    - the longest part
    - the External Meatus is the narrowest part
22
Q
  1. What is the Urethral Crest (Vermunotanum)?
A
  • the narrow, longitudional ridge on
    the posterior wall of the Prostatic
    urethra
  • formed by an elevation of the
    mucous membrane
23
Q
  1. What is the Prostatic Sinus?
A
  • the groove on either side of the
    Urethral Crest
  • 20-30 ducts of the Prostate Gland
    open into these sinuses
24
Q
  1. What is the Seminal Colliculus?
A
  • rounded eminence (risen tissue) at
    the middle of the prostatic urethra
  • prevents the oozing of semen from
    the Seminal Ducts
  • it has an upper depression
    (Prostatic Utricle opening)
  • it has two lower depressions
    (ejaculatory duct openings)
25
Q
  1. What is the Prostatic Utricle?
A
  • a sinus (sac with slit like opening)
    lined with
    epithelium
  • opens between two ejaculatory
    ducts
  • it is a remnant of the Mullerian Duct
26
Q
  1. Which part of the Urethra is most likely to be injured during Catheterisation?
A
  • short part of the intermediate
    urethra
  • it is not protected
  • the urethral wall is thin and
    vulnerable to punctures
27
Q
  1. What does a ruptured Urethra lead to?
A
  • extravasation of urine
  • leakage of urine and blood into the
    tissue
    around it (deep perineal pouch)
  • the fluid can pass through the
    urogenital hiatus and leak around
    the Prostate and Bladder
  • caused by pelvic girdle fractures
  • the attachments of the Perineal
    Fascia determine the flow of the
    extravasated urine
  • the urine cannot pass far into the
    thighs
  • due to the Superficial Perineal fascia
    blending with the Fascia Lata
28
Q
  1. What sex does the external genitalia begin as during development?
A
  • External genitalia begins as female
    in both males and females
29
Q
  1. What tissue do the gonads arise from (during development)?
A
  • Mesoderm
30
Q
  1. What does the male reproductive tract develop from?
A
  • Mesonephric Duct
31
Q
  1. What does the female reproductive tract develop from?
A
  • Paramesonephric Duct
32
Q
  1. What are remnants of the Mesonephric duct in adults?
A
  • Appendix Testis
  • Appendix Epididymis
33
Q
  1. What predisposes an individual to inguinal hernias and hydroceles?
A
  • a Processus Vaginalis that has not
    closed
  • the Processus Vaginalis
  • an embryonic outpouching of the
    peritoneum
  • it precedes the testis in their
    descent down within the
    gubernaculum (then closes)

MED 206- ANATOMY II (5 decks)

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