FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM II Flashcards
1
Q
- From which germ layer of the Embryo do the ovaries arise?
A
- Mesoderm
2
Q
- Where do the ovaries begin developmentally?
A
- high on the posterior abdominal
wall - descend to the Pelvic brim
3
Q
- How many oocytes exist at 20 weeks of gestation?
A
- 5 million oocytes
4
Q
- How many oocytes are present at birth?
A
- 500 000 oocytes
5
Q
- How many oocytes are present during puberty?
A
- 50 000 oocytes
6
Q
- How many sperm are produced each day?
A
- 50 to 100 million per day
7
Q
- What is the female equivalent to the Gubernaculum?
A
- Round Ligament
8
Q
- At what vertebral level do the Gonadal arteries arise from?
A
- L2 (from the Abdominal Aorta)
9
Q
- What arteries supply the Ovaries?
A
- the Ovarian Artery
- direct branch of the abdominal
aorta - the Ovaries take their blood supply
with them as they descend
10
Q
- What is the course of the Ovarian vessels?
A
- the ovarian artery is retroperitoneal - descends within the abdominal
cavity - Origin of the Ovarian artery
- lies medially to the ureters
- continues in an inferolateral
direction - passes anterior to the ureters
- the ovarian artery then extends over
the external iliac vessels - crosses the pelvic brim
11
Q
- What is the Infundibulopevic (Suspensory) Ligament of the ovary?
A
- the Peritoneum
- from the Ovaries to the lateral wall
of Pelvis - houses the Ovarian Artery and Vein
12
Q
- What do the Ovarian veins drain into?
A
- the Right one drains into the Inferior
Vena Cava - the left one drains into the Renal
Vein
13
Q
- Which structure is at risk of injury when ligating the ovarian vessels?
A
- the Ureters
14
Q
- Where do the lymphatics of the Ovaries drain into?
A
- Para-aortic Nodes
15
Q
- What is the clinical significance of the lymphatics of the Ovaries?
A
- In cases of Ovarian Tumours:
- you have to check the para-aortic
nodes for invasion
16
Q
- What attaches the medial pole of the ovary to the Uterus?
A
- broad ligament
17
Q
- What attaches the ovary to the broad ligament?
A
- Mesovarium
18
Q
- What are the anatomical differences in pre and post-menopausal women?
A
- Post-Menopausal:
- shorter mean vaginal length
- narrower Labia Minora
- atrophy of the Uterus
19
Q
- What is Neoplasia?
A
- abnormal growth of cells and
tissues in the body
20
Q
- What is polycystic disease?
A
- recurrent growth of cysts
21
Q
- What is inflammatory disease?
A
- ongoing inflammation
- body fails to return to its healthy
state
22
Q
- What is an ectopic pregnancy?
A
- growth of Embryo outside of the
Uterus - most often in the Oviducts
23
Q
- What is premature ovarian failure?
A
- Menopause before the age of 40
24
Q
- Why can ovarian pathologies cause symptoms in the Medial thigh?
A
- the Anterior Cutaneous Nerve
originates at L2-L3 - the Ovarian Artery arises at this
point too
25
25. What 3 types of cells are found in the Ovary?
1. Epithelial Cells
2. Stroma
3. Germ Cells
26
26. Which cells of the Ovary are most prone to cancer / carcinoma?
- Epithelial cells
27
27. Why does Ovarian cancer have such a poor prognosis?
- no clear early death detection o
screening
- detected only once it has
metastasised
28
28. Ovarian cysts can reach a huge size.
What symptoms can they cause?
- Abdominal pain
- Uterine bleeding
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- difficulty urinating
29
29. What complication arise from Ovarian cysts (cause acute pain)?
1. Ovarian Torsion
2. Ovarian Rupture
3. Bleeding into the Cyst
30
30. What is the difference between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Polycystic Ovarian Disease?
- PCOS is a specific disease
- recurrent cysts on ovaries
- accompanied by other symptoms
- PCOD is having cysts on the ovaries
