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MED 206- ANATOMY II > FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM I > Flashcards

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM I Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What does the upper Genital Tract arise from?
A
  • Paramesonephric ducts
  • Mullerian Ducts
  • form the Fallopian Tubes, Uterus,
    Vagina, Vulva, Clitoris, Labia and
    Vestibule
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2
Q
  1. What are compartments of the Upper Genital Compartment?
A
  • Fallopian Tubes
  • Ovaries
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Upper third of Vagina
  • all found in the Pelvis
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3
Q
  1. What remnants of the Mesonephric duct might persist?
A
  • Epoophoron
  • Skene’s Glands
  • Gartners Duct
  • found between the ovary and the
    fallopian tube
  • Paroophoron
  • tubules in the broad ligament
    between the Epoophoron and the
    Uterus
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4
Q
  1. Which germ layer gives rise to the genital tract?
A
  • Mesoderm
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5
Q
  1. Which other tract is the development of the Genital tract closely associated with?
A
  • the Urinary tract
  • anomalies in one tract can be
    related to anomalies in another
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6
Q
  1. Why are normal sized pelvic organs not palpable via the abdomen?
A
  • the Pelvic bones surround these
    organs
  • the bladder is more anterior than
    these reproductive organs
  • these structures need to be
    examined by the Vaginal or Rectal
    route
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7
Q
  1. Which 3 tracts pass through the female pelvis?
A
  • Urinary
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Genital
  • these 3 tracts are closely related
    and can cause potential problems
    during pelvic surgery
  • the Genital tract forms a genital
    septum between the GI and GU tract
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8
Q
  1. What is the pouch anterior to the Genital Septum called?
A
  • Vesico-uterine Pouch
  • found on either side of the Uterus
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9
Q
  1. What is the pouch posterior to the Genital Septum called?
A
  • Rectouterine pouch
  • pouch of Douglas
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10
Q
  1. Which conditions cause adhesions within the Pelvis?
A
  • Endometriosis
  • Pelvic inflammatory Disease
  • Appendicectomy
  • Pelvic surgery
  • Inflammation
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11
Q
  1. What is the Morula stage?
A
  • the stage at which the Uterus allows
    for the implantation of the
    blastocyst
  • provides the environment for the
    development of the foetus
    (before the foetus is expelled)
    (through the lower genital tract)
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12
Q
  1. The Uterus is the size and shape of a pear.
    What is version of the Uterus?
A
  • angle between the longitudional
    axis of the Cervix and the Vagina
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13
Q
  1. What is meant by flexion of the Uterus?
A
  • angle between longitudional axis of
    the Cervix and the Uterus
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14
Q
  1. When is it clinically important to establish the version and flexion of the Uterus?
A
  • during IUD insertion
  • during surgical uterine interventions
  • to know where to place the
    Tenaculum forceps to pull the
    uterus into position
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15
Q
  1. What are the two subdivisions of the Uterus?
A
  1. Neck (Cervix Uteri)
  2. Body (Corpus Uteri)
    - separated by the Internal Os
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16
Q
  1. What is the Fundus of the Uterus?
A
  • uppermost and widest part of the
    Uterus
  • furthest from the opening
  • connects to Fallopian Tubes
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17
Q
  1. Which structures arise anteriorly and posteriorly from the junction of the Fundus and the Uterine Tubes?
A
  • Broad ligaments
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18
Q
  1. What are the 3 component tissues of the Uterus?
A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
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19
Q
  1. What is a hysterectomy?
A
  • Hustera = greek word for womb
  • it is the excision of the Uterus
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20
Q
  1. What are the important relations of the Uterus?
A
  • Utero-ovarian ligament
  • Round ligament
  • Broad ligament
  • Cardinal ligament
  • Uterosacral ligaments
  • ligaments that support the Uterus
  • Pelvic diaphragm
  • Urogenital diaphragm
  • Perineal body
  • support the Uterus inferiorly
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21
Q
  1. How does the Broad ligament form during development?
A
  • Fusion of the Mullerian Ducts
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22
Q
  1. What other important ligaments relate to the Uterus?
A
  • Cardinal ligament
  • Sacraouterine ligament
  • Ovarian ligament
  • Suspensory ligament
  • Broad ligament
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23
Q
  1. What are the two subdivisons of the Cervix?
A
  • Intravaginal
  • Supravaginal
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24
Q
  1. What surround the intravaginal part of the Cervix?
A
  • fornix of the Vagina
25
Q
  1. What is name given to the Cervical opening into the Vagina?
A
  • External Os
26
Q
  1. Why would a GP be very familiar with External Os?
A
  • it is a site to collect pap smear
    specimens
27
Q
  1. What is the blood supply to the Uterus?
A
  • Uterine Artery
  • branches from the anterior division
    of the Internal Iliac Artery
28
Q
  1. Which important structure is closely related to the Uterine artery?
A
  • Ureters
  • run under the Uterine artery
29
Q
  1. What is the clinical significance of the Ureters and the Uterine Artery crossing over one another?
A
  • Ureters can be damaged when
    clamping the Uterine artery for
    surgery
30
Q
  1. What is the nerve supply to the Uterus?
  2. At which spinal level do the Afferent Nerves enter?
A
  • Afferent nerves enter at level
    T11/T12
  • Sympathetic nerve supply comes
    from the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
    and the Ovarian Plexus
31
Q
  1. What is the course of the Round Ligament?
A
  • runs from the Uterine Horns
  • through the Deep Inguinal Ring
  • through the Inguinal Canal
  • to the Labia Majora
  • fibres of the Round ligament mix
    with the Mons Pubis
32
Q
  1. What is the male homologue of
    the Round and Ovarian ligament?
A
  • Gubernaculum
    (Scrotal Ligament)
33
Q
  1. At what stage of gestation does the pregnant Uterus become palpable per abdomen?
A
  • at 12 weeks
34
Q
  1. At what stage of gestation does the pregnant Uterus reach the Umbilicus?
A
  • at 20 weeks
35
Q
  1. What are the 4 types of Menstrual disorders?
A
  1. Menorrhagia (Heavy Periods)
  2. Metrorrhagia
    (irregular and heavy periods)
  3. Dysmenorrhoea (painful periods)
  4. Oligomenorrhpea
    (cycle longer than 35 days)
36
Q
  1. What causes Uterine Prolapse?
A
  • weakening of the ligaments that
    support the Uterus
  • commonly caused by multiple or
    complicated childbirths
37
Q
  1. How are Uterine prolapses graded?
  2. What are the symptoms?
A
  • based on how far down the Uterus
    has protruded
  • Symptoms:
  • Leakage of urine.
  • Inability to completely empty your
    bladder
  • Feeling of heaviness or fullness in
    your pelvis.
  • Bulging in your vagina
  • Lower-back pain
  • Aching, or the feeling of pressure, in
    your lower abdomen or pelvis
  • Constipation
38
Q
  1. What are Uterine Fibroids?
  2. What are symptoms of Uterine Fibroids?
A
  • benign tumours
  • made of muscular and fibrous
    tissue
  • Uterine Fibroids symptoms:
  • Bleeding between periods.
  • Heavy bleeding during your period,
    sometimes with blood clots.
  • Periods that may last longer than
    normal
  • Needing to urinate more often.
  • Pelvic cramping or pain with
    periods
  • Feeling fullness or pressure in your
    lower belly
  • Pain during intercourse
39
Q
  1. What is Endometriosis?
  2. What are the symptoms of Endometriosis?
A
  • Endometrium growth in other areas
    outside the Uterus
  • Symptoms:
  • Painful periods
  • Pelvic pain
  • cramping may start before a
    menstrual period and last for days
    into it
  • Pain with sex
  • Pain during or after sex is common
    with endometriosis.
  • Pain with bowel movements or
    urination
  • Excessive bleeding
  • Infertility
40
Q
  1. What is Endometrial Carcinoma?
A
  • malignant cancer of the cells in the
    Endometrium
  • it is increasing in incidence due to
    increased life expectancy and
    obesity
41
Q
  1. What is the adnexa?
A
  • the structures between the Uterus
    and the lateral Pelvic walls
42
Q
  1. How do you examine for an adnexal mass?
A
  • Transvaginal ultrasounds
  • Computed Tomography
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Positron Emission Tomography
43
Q
  1. What structure do the Uterine (Fallopian) tubes arise from?
A
  • the Para-Mesonephric ducts
44
Q
  1. Who was Fallopius?
A
  • Italian anatomist
  • discovered and named anatomical
    structures
45
Q
  1. What attaches the Oviduct (Fallopian Tube) to the Broad Ligament?
A
  • Mesosalpinx
46
Q
  1. How long are the oviducts?
A
  • 4-5 cm long each
47
Q
  1. What are the five parts of the Oviduct?
A
  1. Intramural
  2. Isthmus
  3. Ampulla
  4. Infundibulum
  5. Fimbriae
48
Q
  1. Which part of the Uterine tube is the narrowest?
A
  • Isthmus
49
Q
  1. Where does fetilisation usually take place?
A
  • Ampulla of the Uterine Tubes
50
Q
  1. Which type of cells line the Oviduct?
    What is their function?
A
  • Ciliated epithelium
  • moves the Oocyte from the Ovary to
    the Uterus
51
Q
  1. What happens to the Oviduct (Fallopian Tube) during ovulation?
A
  • smooth muscles contract
  • the ciliated epithelium helps to
    move the Oocyte along the tube
52
Q
  1. Why are the Oviducts (Fallopian Tube) associated with a medical emergency?
A
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
53
Q
  1. What artery supplies the Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes)?
A
  • Uterine Artery
54
Q
  1. What is Salpingitis?
A
  • inflammation of the Uterine Tubes
  • caused by a bacterial, vaginal
    infection (Chlamydia / Gonorrhea)
55
Q
  1. What are Sequelae?
A
  • pathological condition resulting
    from a disease, injury, therapy or
    other trauma
56
Q
  1. What is a hydro-salpinx?
A
  • Oedematous fluid in the Fallopian
    Tubes
57
Q
  1. What is pyo-salpinx?
A
  • pus in the Fallopian Tubes
58
Q
  1. What is Cervical excitation?
A
  • a sign found on a gynaecological
    pelvic examination
  • suggests a pelvic pathology
  • indicates peritoneal infection
  • can be tested with a Chandelier
    sign
  • checks for cervical motion
    tenderness
59
Q
  1. What is the origin of many Ovarian malignancies (Hitherto)?
A
  • the Ovary
  • as well as the Uterine Tube

MED 206- ANATOMY II (5 decks)

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