FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM III Flashcards
1
Q
- What are the components of the lower genital tract?
A
- Vagina
- Vulva
2
Q
- The external genitalia starts with female anatomy (for both males and females) = indifferent stage.
How do male genitalia develop from the indifferent stage?
A
- Androgens
- male differentiation is complete by
month 3 of gestation - Testosterone is converted to
Dihydrotestosterone in the testes - causes Virilisation
(development of masculine characteristics)
3
Q
- What is the Vagina?
- How long is it?
A
- an expandable tube (allows passage of penis, menstrual blood and baby)
- 8-10 cm
- the posterior wall is longer than the
anterior
4
Q
- The vagina contains no glands.
How is it lubricated?
A
- Skene’s Glands behind the Vulva
- Bartholins glands
5
Q
- What creates a sulcus (fornices)?
A
- the Cervix
- protrudes into the upper end
6
Q
- What is the posterior relation of the Cervix to the posterior fornix?
Fornix = arch / fold
A
- creates the pouch of Douglas
- separates vagina from rectum
- access point for Culdocentesis
- removes fluid from the pouch
- helps to remove eggs from the
ovaries - helps during vaginal hysterectomies
- the posterior fornix stores semen
after an intravaginal ejaculation
7
Q
- What important structure is related to the lateral fornix?
A
- the Uterine Artery
- the Ureter
8
Q
- What is the opening at the lower end of the Lateral Fornix called?
What plane is this found in?
A
- Introitus
- Transverse plane
9
Q
- What is the plane of the Vaginal canal?
A
- Transverse
10
Q
- What are the borders of the Vaginal canal?
A
Anterior – bladder and urethra.
Posterior – Rctouterine pouch,
rectum and anal canal
Lateral – ureters, levator ani muscle
11
Q
- What is the blood supply to the Vagina?
A
- Vaginal Artery
- branches from the Internal Iliac
Artery
12
Q
- What happens when Pelvic Organ prolapse occurs?
A
- the Uterus falls through the Vagina
13
Q
- What is the Hymen?
A
- membranous sheath
- covers the vaginal opening
- it is an embryological remnant
- believed to be broken during a girl’s
first sexual encounter
14
Q
- Which glands open below the Hymen?
A
- Bartholin’s Glands
- can develop cysts
15
Q
- What is the Vulva vestibule?
A
- the region between the Labia
Minora - smooth surface that begins just
below the clitoris and ends at the
commissure of the labia minora - contains the opening to the urethra
and the vaginal opening
16
Q
- What is the main blood and nerve supply to the Vulva?
A
- Pudendal nerve
- Pudendal artery
(branch of internal iliac)
17
Q
- Why will a caudal block not completely anaesthetise the Vulva?
A
Other innervation of the vulva:
- Anterior: ilioinguinal nerve,
genital branch of the
genitofemoral nerve
- Posterior: pudendal nerve,
posterior cutaneous
nerve of the thigh
- clitoris and the vestibule:
parasympathetic innervation
from the cavernous nerves
(uterovaginal plexus)
18
Q
- What is the lymphatic drainage of the Vulva?
A
- superficial and deep Inguinal nodes
- para-aortic nodes
19
Q
- Which anatomical changes occur during sexual arousal?
What is the neurological control?
A
- Gland secretion
(parasympathetic innervation) - Increased blood flow to the clitoral
cavernosal and labial arteries result - increased clitoral intracavernous
pressure - protrusion of the glans clitoris
- engorgement of the labia minora
20
Q
- Which dermatological condition affects the Vulva?
A
- Vulval Warts
- benign growths of epithelium
- caused by certain HPV’s (6 &11)
- highly infectious
- easily transmitted between sexual
partners through sexual or physical
contact - HPVs (16 & 18) may predispose
affected individuals to dysplastic
changes in the cervix, vagina and/or
anus - which can potentially lead to
carcinoma - HPV vaccines are safe and efficient
