Male Reproductive System Exam 7 Flashcards
1
Q
=Primary sex organs
A
Gonads
2
Q
Male Gonads
A
Testes
3
Q
Female Gonads
A
Ovaries
4
Q
=Sex cells
A
Gametes
5
Q
Male gametes
A
Sperm
6
Q
Female Gametes
A
Ovum
7
Q
a sac in which the testes lie
A
Scrotum
8
Q
Contains partition which separates the Left and Right Sides
A
Scrotum
9
Q
Muscle that elevates the testes
A
Cremaster Muscle
Scrotum
10
Q
Maintains tests at constant temperature
about 3c/5.4f below body temp (37c/98.6f)
A
Scrotum
11
Q
male gonads
A
testes=testicles
12
Q
Outer covering of testes
A
Tunica vaginalis
13
Q
2 layers
A
Tunica vaginalis
14
Q
Derived from peritoneum during descent of testes
A
Tunica vaginalis
15
Q
Two layers of Tunica vaginalis
A
1) Parietal
2) Visceral
16
Q
Fibrous connective tissue capsule
white/shiny like cartilage
A
Tunica Albuginea
17
Q
Its septa are extensions which divide the testes into 250-300 lobules
A
Tunica Albuginea
18
Q
There are 1-4 of these per lobule in the testes
A
Seminiferous Tubules
19
Q
Walls contain “Sperm-forming factories”
A
Seminiferous Tubules
20
Q
Outside walls contain Interstitial cells
A
Seminiferous Tubules
21
Q
Another name for Interstitial cells
A
Leydig cells
22
Q
Function of Interstitial cells
A
Produce androgens (mainly testosterone)
23
Q
Interstitial cells are activated by?
A
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
24
Q
What’s another name for LH?
A
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
25
Known as "Straight Tubule"
The Tubulus Rectus
26
Straight tube connecting seminiferous tubules to rete testis
The Tubulus Rectus
27
Complex duct system that collects sperm from the seminiferous tubules
Rete Testis
28
The Duct that collects sperm from the rete testis
The Epididymis
29
Sperm matures here
The Epididymis
30
About 20 feet in length
The Epididymis
31
Sperm transit time ~ 20 days
The Epididymis
32
20 feet in 20 days, speed of???
a foot per day!
33
Between the Rete testis and the Epididymis
Efferent duct (Just in case)
34
Walls contract with sexual stimulation to force sperm along
The Epididymis
35
Sperm mature along pathway from ___ to ___
Seminiferous Tubules to Vas (Ductus) Deferns
36
A tether or lifeline to body
Spermatic Cord
37
Contains:
- blood vessels
- lympathics
- nerves
- ductus (vas deferens)
Spermatic Cord
38
Duct conducts sperm from epididymis
| -over pubic bone
Vas deferens = ductus deferens
39
Duct conducts sperm from epididymis
| -through inguinal canal
Vas deferens = ductus deferens
40
Duct conducts sperm from epididymis
| over bladder
Vas deferens = ductus deferens
41
Duct conducts sperm from epididymis
| -into the prostate gland
Vas deferens = ductus deferens
42
Is contained in spermatic cord along with
- blood vessels
- nerves
Vas deferens = ductus deferens
43
Walls form peristaltic waves to bring sperm to ejaculatory duct and urethra
Vas deferens = ductus deferens
44
A continuation of duct system through the prostate
Ejaculatory duct
45
Empties into the urethra
Ejaculatory duct
46
Located just below the bladder and outside the prostate
Seminal Vesicles
47
Provides seminal fluid
Seminal Vesicles
48
Provides 60-70% of volume of semen
Seminal Vesicles
49
Its secretions are Thick, viscous, yellowish, alkaline
Seminal Vesicles
50
Its secretions contain nutrients needed by sperm for survival
Seminal Vesicles
51
Needed for sperm survival:
Fructose
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Vesiculase
Prostaglandins
52
Vitamin C _
Ascorbic acid
53
Vesiculase
Coagulating Enzyme
54
Alkaline environment from ___ activates sperm
Seminal Vesicles
55
Alkalinity ___ mobility, while acidity ___ mobility
increases; decreases
56
Surrounds the urethra just below bladder
Prostate
57
Secretes milky fluid
Prostate
58
Provides ~ 1/3 semen volume
Prostate
59
Contains Nutrients, Enzymes, Prostate-specific antigen
Prostate
60
Nutrients in Prostate fluid
Citrate
61
Enzymes in Prostate fluid
Fibrinolysin
Hyaluronidase
Acid phosphatase
62
=Bulbourethral gland
Cowper's Gland
63
Located below prostate and outside erectile tissue of penis
Cowper's Gland
64
Secretions are:
Thick, clear mucus
Produced prior to ejaculation
Cowper's Gland
65
Secretions are
Cleanse urethra of acidic urine
Lubricate for sexual intercourse
Cowper's Gland
66
Changes in Male Urethra
Prostatic --- Membranous --- Penile
67
Shaft
Penis
68
=Prepuce
Foreskin
69
Erectile Tissue
Penis
70
=Enlarged tip of penis
Glans Penis
71
2 Erectile Tissue Types
1. Corpus Spongiosum
| 2. Corpus Cavernosa
72
Midventral tissue
Surrounds the urethra
The "Lollipop"
Corpus Spongiosum
73
Paired
| The "banana peel"
Corpus Cavernosa
74
Contents of Semen
```
Fructose
Prostaglandins
Relaxin
Seminalplasmin
Fibrinogen
Fibrinolysis
```
75
Sperm Major Nutrient
Fructose
76
Lowers viscosity of cervical mucus
Prostaglandins
77
Stimulates reverse peristalsis of uterine wall to enhance migration of sperm toward ovum
Prostaglandins
78
hormone to enhance sperm motility
Relaxin
79
bacterostatic
Seminalplasmin
80
Helps semen coagulate after ejaculation
Fibrinogen
81
Liquifies ejaculate to allow sperm to escape
Fibrinolysis
82
pH of semen
7.3-7.7
83
Volume of semen
2-5 mL/ejaculation
84
Concentration of semen
20-150 million sperm/ MILILITER of semen
85
Production of sperm stimulated by what hormone?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
86
Spermatogenesis
| 1
Spermatogonium 2n
87
Spermatogenesis 2
Mitosis
88
Spermatogenesis 3
Daughter Cell
89
Spermatogenesis 4
Meiosis I
90
Spermatogenesis 5
Primary spermatocyte 2n
91
Spermatogenesis 6
End of Meiosis I
92
Spermatogenesis 7
Secondary spermatocytes n
93
Spermatogenesis 8
Meiosis II
94
Spermatogenesis 9
Early spermatids n
95
Spermatogenesis 10
Late spermatids n
96
Spermatogenesis 11
Spermatozoa n
97
=Stem cell for male sex cells
= spermatogonium
98
How many chromosomes in spermatogonium
46
| 2n
99
How many chromo's after mitosis?
2n but 4 copies
100
What happens to daughter cells of mitosis?
One daughter cell remains spermatoginum the other becomes a primary spermatocyte.
still 2n, 4 copies
101
What happens to primary spermatocyte after meiosis 1?
Forms two haploid (23 chromosomes) secondary spermatocytes
| 1n, but has 2 copies
102
What happens to secondary spermatocytes after meiosis 2?
Form a total of 4 spermatids (2 from each secondary spermatocyte. So 4 spermatids from original daughter cell.
103
Cells mature from basal to Adluminal or from Adluminal to Basal?
Basal to Adluminal
| Luminal is Lumen of Seminiferous Tubules...so yeah
104
Spermatid
| First just has
Nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
Acrosomal Vesicle
105
Spermatid
| second develops
Centrioles
106
Spermatid
| 3rd develops
Microtubules/Flagellum
107
Spermatid
| 4th develops
Mitochondria
108
Spermatid
| 5th develops
Acrosome
Nucleus
Excess cytoplasm
109
Spermatid
| 6th develops/removes
Excess cytoplasm
110
Spermatid
| Final product has just
Head, MIdpiece, tail
111
p. 58 of powerpoint has Sperm anatomy
sweet.
112
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone from?
Hypothalamus
113
FSH and LH from?
Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary)
114
What does LH target? function?
Interstitial Cells to Produce Testosterone --> Spermatogenesis
115
What does FSH target? function?
Targets sustentacular cells to produce androgen-binding protein
116
What is function of ABP (Androgen-binding protein)?
Helps Spermatogenic cells bind to testosterone
117
And, as we know... Testosterone does what?
Activate Spermatogenesis! Yay!
118
Increase in Testosterone results in ___ in GnRH from Hypothalamus
decrease
119
Increase in spermatogenesis tells sustentacular cells to release ___
Inhibin
120
Increase in Inhibin tells Adenohypophysis to ___ FSH output
decrease
121
Increase in Inhibin tells hypothalamus to ___ GnRH output
decrease
122
sustentacular cells =
nurse cells
123
Protect sperm as they grow
Sustentacular cells
