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242 A&P > Male Reproductive System Exam 7 > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q

=Primary sex organs

A

Gonads

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2
Q

Male Gonads

A

Testes

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3
Q

Female Gonads

A

Ovaries

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4
Q

=Sex cells

A

Gametes

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5
Q

Male gametes

A

Sperm

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6
Q

Female Gametes

A

Ovum

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7
Q

a sac in which the testes lie

A

Scrotum

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8
Q

Contains partition which separates the Left and Right Sides

A

Scrotum

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9
Q

Muscle that elevates the testes

A

Cremaster Muscle

Scrotum

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10
Q

Maintains tests at constant temperature

about 3c/5.4f below body temp (37c/98.6f)

A

Scrotum

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11
Q

male gonads

A

testes=testicles

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12
Q

Outer covering of testes

A

Tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

2 layers

A

Tunica vaginalis

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14
Q

Derived from peritoneum during descent of testes

A

Tunica vaginalis

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15
Q

Two layers of Tunica vaginalis

A

1) Parietal

2) Visceral

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16
Q

Fibrous connective tissue capsule

white/shiny like cartilage

A

Tunica Albuginea

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17
Q

Its septa are extensions which divide the testes into 250-300 lobules

A

Tunica Albuginea

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18
Q

There are 1-4 of these per lobule in the testes

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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19
Q

Walls contain “Sperm-forming factories”

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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20
Q

Outside walls contain Interstitial cells

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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21
Q

Another name for Interstitial cells

A

Leydig cells

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22
Q

Function of Interstitial cells

A

Produce androgens (mainly testosterone)

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23
Q

Interstitial cells are activated by?

A

Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

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24
Q

What’s another name for LH?

A

Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone

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25
Q

Known as “Straight Tubule”

A

The Tubulus Rectus

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26
Q

Straight tube connecting seminiferous tubules to rete testis

A

The Tubulus Rectus

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27
Q

Complex duct system that collects sperm from the seminiferous tubules

A

Rete Testis

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28
Q

The Duct that collects sperm from the rete testis

A

The Epididymis

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29
Q

Sperm matures here

A

The Epididymis

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30
Q

About 20 feet in length

A

The Epididymis

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31
Q

Sperm transit time ~ 20 days

A

The Epididymis

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32
Q

20 feet in 20 days, speed of???

A

a foot per day!

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33
Q

Between the Rete testis and the Epididymis

A

Efferent duct (Just in case)

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34
Q

Walls contract with sexual stimulation to force sperm along

A

The Epididymis

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35
Q

Sperm mature along pathway from ___ to ___

A

Seminiferous Tubules to Vas (Ductus) Deferns

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36
Q

A tether or lifeline to body

A

Spermatic Cord

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37
Q

Contains:

  • blood vessels
  • lympathics
  • nerves
  • ductus (vas deferens)
A

Spermatic Cord

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38
Q

Duct conducts sperm from epididymis

-over pubic bone

A

Vas deferens = ductus deferens

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39
Q

Duct conducts sperm from epididymis

-through inguinal canal

A

Vas deferens = ductus deferens

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40
Q

Duct conducts sperm from epididymis

over bladder

A

Vas deferens = ductus deferens

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41
Q

Duct conducts sperm from epididymis

-into the prostate gland

A

Vas deferens = ductus deferens

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42
Q

Is contained in spermatic cord along with

  • blood vessels
  • nerves
A

Vas deferens = ductus deferens

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43
Q

Walls form peristaltic waves to bring sperm to ejaculatory duct and urethra

A

Vas deferens = ductus deferens

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44
Q

A continuation of duct system through the prostate

A

Ejaculatory duct

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45
Q

Empties into the urethra

A

Ejaculatory duct

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46
Q

Located just below the bladder and outside the prostate

A

Seminal Vesicles

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47
Q

Provides seminal fluid

A

Seminal Vesicles

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48
Q

Provides 60-70% of volume of semen

A

Seminal Vesicles

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49
Q

Its secretions are Thick, viscous, yellowish, alkaline

A

Seminal Vesicles

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50
Q

Its secretions contain nutrients needed by sperm for survival

A

Seminal Vesicles

51
Q

Needed for sperm survival:

A

Fructose
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Vesiculase
Prostaglandins

52
Q

Vitamin C _

A

Ascorbic acid

53
Q

Vesiculase

A

Coagulating Enzyme

54
Q

Alkaline environment from ___ activates sperm

A

Seminal Vesicles

55
Q

Alkalinity ___ mobility, while acidity ___ mobility

A

increases; decreases

56
Q

Surrounds the urethra just below bladder

A

Prostate

57
Q

Secretes milky fluid

A

Prostate

58
Q

Provides ~ 1/3 semen volume

A

Prostate

59
Q

Contains Nutrients, Enzymes, Prostate-specific antigen

A

Prostate

60
Q

Nutrients in Prostate fluid

A

Citrate

61
Q

Enzymes in Prostate fluid

A

Fibrinolysin
Hyaluronidase
Acid phosphatase

62
Q

=Bulbourethral gland

A

Cowper’s Gland

63
Q

Located below prostate and outside erectile tissue of penis

A

Cowper’s Gland

64
Q

Secretions are:
Thick, clear mucus
Produced prior to ejaculation

A

Cowper’s Gland

65
Q

Secretions are
Cleanse urethra of acidic urine
Lubricate for sexual intercourse

A

Cowper’s Gland

66
Q

Changes in Male Urethra

A

Prostatic — Membranous — Penile

67
Q

Shaft

A

Penis

68
Q

=Prepuce

A

Foreskin

69
Q

Erectile Tissue

A

Penis

70
Q

=Enlarged tip of penis

A

Glans Penis

71
Q

2 Erectile Tissue Types

A
  1. Corpus Spongiosum

2. Corpus Cavernosa

72
Q

Midventral tissue
Surrounds the urethra
The “Lollipop”

A

Corpus Spongiosum

73
Q

Paired

The “banana peel”

A

Corpus Cavernosa

74
Q

Contents of Semen

A 
Fructose
Prostaglandins
Relaxin
Seminalplasmin
Fibrinogen
Fibrinolysis
75
Q

Sperm Major Nutrient

A

Fructose

76
Q

Lowers viscosity of cervical mucus

A

Prostaglandins

77
Q

Stimulates reverse peristalsis of uterine wall to enhance migration of sperm toward ovum

A

Prostaglandins

78
Q

hormone to enhance sperm motility

A

Relaxin

79
Q

bacterostatic

A

Seminalplasmin

80
Q

Helps semen coagulate after ejaculation

A

Fibrinogen

81
Q

Liquifies ejaculate to allow sperm to escape

A

Fibrinolysis

82
Q

pH of semen

A

7.3-7.7

83
Q

Volume of semen

A

2-5 mL/ejaculation

84
Q

Concentration of semen

A

20-150 million sperm/ MILILITER of semen

85
Q

Production of sperm stimulated by what hormone?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

86
Q

Spermatogenesis

1

A

Spermatogonium 2n

87
Q

Spermatogenesis 2

A

Mitosis

88
Q

Spermatogenesis 3

A

Daughter Cell

89
Q

Spermatogenesis 4

A

Meiosis I

90
Q

Spermatogenesis 5

A

Primary spermatocyte 2n

91
Q

Spermatogenesis 6

A

End of Meiosis I

92
Q

Spermatogenesis 7

A

Secondary spermatocytes n

93
Q

Spermatogenesis 8

A

Meiosis II

94
Q

Spermatogenesis 9

A

Early spermatids n

95
Q

Spermatogenesis 10

A

Late spermatids n

96
Q

Spermatogenesis 11

A

Spermatozoa n

97
Q

=Stem cell for male sex cells

A

= spermatogonium

98
Q

How many chromosomes in spermatogonium

A

46

2n

99
Q

How many chromo’s after mitosis?

A

2n but 4 copies

100
Q

What happens to daughter cells of mitosis?

A

One daughter cell remains spermatoginum the other becomes a primary spermatocyte.
still 2n, 4 copies

101
Q

What happens to primary spermatocyte after meiosis 1?

A

Forms two haploid (23 chromosomes) secondary spermatocytes

1n, but has 2 copies

102
Q

What happens to secondary spermatocytes after meiosis 2?

A

Form a total of 4 spermatids (2 from each secondary spermatocyte. So 4 spermatids from original daughter cell.

103
Q

Cells mature from basal to Adluminal or from Adluminal to Basal?

A

Basal to Adluminal

Luminal is Lumen of Seminiferous Tubules…so yeah

104
Q

Spermatid

First just has

A

Nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
Acrosomal Vesicle

105
Q

Spermatid

second develops

A

Centrioles

106
Q

Spermatid

3rd develops

A

Microtubules/Flagellum

107
Q

Spermatid

4th develops

A

Mitochondria

108
Q

Spermatid

5th develops

A

Acrosome
Nucleus
Excess cytoplasm

109
Q

Spermatid

6th develops/removes

A

Excess cytoplasm

110
Q

Spermatid

Final product has just

A

Head, MIdpiece, tail

111
Q

p. 58 of powerpoint has Sperm anatomy

A

sweet.

112
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone from?

A

Hypothalamus

113
Q

FSH and LH from?

A

Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary)

114
Q

What does LH target? function?

A

Interstitial Cells to Produce Testosterone –> Spermatogenesis

115
Q

What does FSH target? function?

A

Targets sustentacular cells to produce androgen-binding protein

116
Q

What is function of ABP (Androgen-binding protein)?

A

Helps Spermatogenic cells bind to testosterone

117
Q

And, as we know… Testosterone does what?

A

Activate Spermatogenesis! Yay!

118
Q

Increase in Testosterone results in ___ in GnRH from Hypothalamus

A

decrease

119
Q

Increase in spermatogenesis tells sustentacular cells to release ___

A

Inhibin

120
Q

Increase in Inhibin tells Adenohypophysis to ___ FSH output

A

decrease

121
Q

Increase in Inhibin tells hypothalamus to ___ GnRH output

A

decrease

122
Q

sustentacular cells =

A

nurse cells

123
Q

Protect sperm as they grow

A

Sustentacular cells

242 A&P (5 decks)

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