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242 A&P > Heredity and Genetics Exam 7 > Flashcards

Heredity and Genetics Exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q

determine genetic sex; X & Y

A

Sexh chromosomes

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2
Q

The rest of the chromosomes, not including X and Y

A

Autosomes

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3
Q

Parts corresponding in structure but not in function

A

Homologous

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4
Q

23 chromosomes/cell

A

Haploid

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5
Q

23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

chromosomes = 46

A

Diploid

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6
Q

complete set of 46 chromosomes

A

karyotype

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7
Q

the diploid genetic makeup, with a set of genetic instructions form both parents

A

Genome

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8
Q

a biological unit of heredity which transmits hereditary information

A

Gene

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9
Q

location on chromosome

A

locus

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10
Q

matched genes from the same locus of paired chromosomes

A

alleles

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11
Q

when the alleles for a particular trait are identical

A

homozygous

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12
Q

when the alleles for a particular trait are different

A

heterozygous

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13
Q

an allele that masks or suppresses the expression of its partner

A

dominant

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14
Q

the allele whose expression is masked or suppressed

A

recessive

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15
Q

the genetic makeup of a person

A

genotype

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16
Q

the actual expression of the genotype in the body

A

phenotype

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17
Q

Segregation and Independent Assortment of Chromosomes
Crossover of Homologues and Gene Recombination
Random Fertilization

A

Sources of Genetic Variation

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18
Q

The members of an allele pair are distributed to different gametes
The alleles from different pairs are distributed independently of each other

A

Segregation and Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

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19
Q

of different gamete types =

A

2^n

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20
Q

The members of an allele pair are distributed to different gametes
The alleles from different pairs are distributed independently of each other

A

FOR JUST ONE COUPLE

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21
Q

Involves the substitution of one amino acid in the  chain of hemoglobin
Hemoglobin molecules with the abnormal polypeptide chains crystallize and beome sharp when O2 in blood is low

A

Incomplete Dominance

Intermediate Inheritance - Sickling Gene (s)

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22
Q

Sickle Cell anemia

A

ss

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23
Q

Any condition that lowers O2 level in blood can precipitate a sickle-cell crisis
The deformed RBCs clog up and fragment in the capillaries  intense pain
Vital organs may suffer ischemic damage

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

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24
Q

Usually only have problems with prolonged O2 stress, e.g. at high altitudes
~ 10% of African-Americans have (Ss)
does provide resistance to malaria

A

Ss sickle cell trait

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25
Codominant
Blood Types A and B
26
Blood type recessive i
O
27
Most common blood type
O (ii)
28
Gene is present on either the X or Y chromosomes
Sex Linked Inheritance
29
men - expression never masked | women - need 2 recessive alleles, fewer women have x linked conditions
X-linked inheritance
30
Examples: Hemophilia (“bleeder’s disease”) Red-green Color-blindness
X - Linked Inheritance
31
Hairy ear pinnae
Y linnked traits only from father to son
32
Dark pigment is dominant (AABBCC would be as dark as a human can get) Light pigment is recessive (aabbcc would be as light as a human can get)
SKin pigment
33
Tongue Roller
Dominant
34
Inability to Roll Tongue
Recesesive
35
Free earlobes
D
36
Attached earlobes
r
37
farsightedness
d
38
normal vision
r
39
astigmatism
d
40
normal vision
r
41
freckles vs. absence of
d/r
42
dimples in cheeks/absence
d/r
43
feet with normal arches/flat feet
d/r
44
PTC taster/non
d/r
45
Widow's peak/straight hairline
d/r
46
Double jointed thumb/tight thumb
d/r
47
broad lips/thin lips
d/r
48
extra fingers and toes/normal number
d/r
49
webbed digits/normal digits
d/r
50
dwarfism/normal cartilage bone formation
d/r
51
huntington's disease/not
d/r
52
Normal skin pigmentation/Albinism
d/r
53
Absence of Tay-Sachs/Tay Sachs
d/r
54
normal mentation/shizophrenia
d/r
55
interlocking fingers with left thumb on top/right thumb on top
d/r
56
sodium benzoate taster/non
d/r
57
blaze - lock of hair a different color/none
d/r
58
Rh+/Rh-
d/r
59
Dark hair/Blond hair
d/r
60
normal color vision/color blind
d/r
61
normal clotting/hemophilia
d/r
62
dimple on chin/no dimple
d/r
63
convex nasal bridge/straight or concave
d/r
64
red hair/not red
d/r
65
darker eyes/light eyes
d/r
66
right handed/left handed
d/r
67
absence of long palmar muscle/have it
d/r
68
coarse body hair/fine body hair
d/r
69
male pattern baldness/baldness
d/r
70
nearsightedness/normal
d/r
71
normal hearing/deafness
d/r
72
large eyes/small eyes
d/r
73
short digits/normal digits
d/r
74
hypertension/normal bp
d/r
75
diabetes insipidus/normal excretion
d/r
76
migraine headaches/normal
d/r
77
curved thumb/straight thumb
d/r
78
normal Cl- transport/cystic fibrosis
d/r
79
hypercholesterolemia/normal cholesterol level
d/r
80
Middigital hair/No middigital hair
d/r
81
tall height/short height
d/r
82
straight/kinky hair / wavy hair
d/r

242 A&P (5 decks)

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