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242 A&P > Heredity and Genetics Exam 7 > Flashcards

Heredity and Genetics Exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q

determine genetic sex; X & Y

A

Sexh chromosomes

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2
Q

The rest of the chromosomes, not including X and Y

A

Autosomes

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3
Q

Parts corresponding in structure but not in function

A

Homologous

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4
Q

23 chromosomes/cell

A

Haploid

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5
Q

23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

chromosomes = 46

A

Diploid

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6
Q

complete set of 46 chromosomes

A

karyotype

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7
Q

the diploid genetic makeup, with a set of genetic instructions form both parents

A

Genome

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8
Q

a biological unit of heredity which transmits hereditary information

A

Gene

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9
Q

location on chromosome

A

locus

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10
Q

matched genes from the same locus of paired chromosomes

A

alleles

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11
Q

when the alleles for a particular trait are identical

A

homozygous

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12
Q

when the alleles for a particular trait are different

A

heterozygous

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13
Q

an allele that masks or suppresses the expression of its partner

A

dominant

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14
Q

the allele whose expression is masked or suppressed

A

recessive

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15
Q

the genetic makeup of a person

A

genotype

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16
Q

the actual expression of the genotype in the body

A

phenotype

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17
Q

Segregation and Independent Assortment of Chromosomes
Crossover of Homologues and Gene Recombination
Random Fertilization

A

Sources of Genetic Variation

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18
Q

The members of an allele pair are distributed to different gametes
The alleles from different pairs are distributed independently of each other

A

Segregation and Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

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19
Q

of different gamete types =

A

2^n

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20
Q

The members of an allele pair are distributed to different gametes
The alleles from different pairs are distributed independently of each other

A

FOR JUST ONE COUPLE

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21
Q

Involves the substitution of one amino acid in the  chain of hemoglobin
Hemoglobin molecules with the abnormal polypeptide chains crystallize and beome sharp when O2 in blood is low

A

Incomplete Dominance

Intermediate Inheritance - Sickling Gene (s)

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22
Q

Sickle Cell anemia

A

ss

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23
Q

Any condition that lowers O2 level in blood can precipitate a sickle-cell crisis
The deformed RBCs clog up and fragment in the capillaries  intense pain
Vital organs may suffer ischemic damage

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

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24
Q

Usually only have problems with prolonged O2 stress, e.g. at high altitudes
~ 10% of African-Americans have (Ss)
does provide resistance to malaria

A

Ss sickle cell trait

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25
Q

Codominant

A

Blood Types A and B

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26
Q

Blood type recessive i

A

O

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27
Q

Most common blood type

A

O (ii)

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28
Q

Gene is present on either the X or Y chromosomes

A

Sex Linked Inheritance

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29
Q

men - expression never masked

women - need 2 recessive alleles, fewer women have x linked conditions

A

X-linked inheritance

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30
Q

Examples:
Hemophilia (“bleeder’s disease”)
Red-green Color-blindness

A

X - Linked Inheritance

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31
Q

Hairy ear pinnae

A

Y linnked traits only from father to son

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32
Q

Dark pigment is dominant (AABBCC would be as dark as a human can get)
Light pigment is recessive (aabbcc would be as light as a human can get)

A

SKin pigment

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33
Q

Tongue Roller

A

Dominant

34
Q

Inability to Roll Tongue

A

Recesesive

35
Q

Free earlobes

A

D

36
Q

Attached earlobes

A

r

37
Q

farsightedness

A

d

38
Q

normal vision

A

r

39
Q

astigmatism

A

d

40
Q

normal vision

A

r

41
Q

freckles vs. absence of

A

d/r

42
Q

dimples in cheeks/absence

A

d/r

43
Q

feet with normal arches/flat feet

A

d/r

44
Q

PTC taster/non

A

d/r

45
Q

Widow’s peak/straight hairline

A

d/r

46
Q

Double jointed thumb/tight thumb

A

d/r

47
Q

broad lips/thin lips

A

d/r

48
Q

extra fingers and toes/normal number

A

d/r

49
Q

webbed digits/normal digits

A

d/r

50
Q

dwarfism/normal cartilage bone formation

A

d/r

51
Q

huntington’s disease/not

A

d/r

52
Q

Normal skin pigmentation/Albinism

A

d/r

53
Q

Absence of Tay-Sachs/Tay Sachs

A

d/r

54
Q

normal mentation/shizophrenia

A

d/r

55
Q

interlocking fingers with left thumb on top/right thumb on top

A

d/r

56
Q

sodium benzoate taster/non

A

d/r

57
Q

blaze - lock of hair a different color/none

A

d/r

58
Q

Rh+/Rh-

A

d/r

59
Q

Dark hair/Blond hair

A

d/r

60
Q

normal color vision/color blind

A

d/r

61
Q

normal clotting/hemophilia

A

d/r

62
Q

dimple on chin/no dimple

A

d/r

63
Q

convex nasal bridge/straight or concave

A

d/r

64
Q

red hair/not red

A

d/r

65
Q

darker eyes/light eyes

A

d/r

66
Q

right handed/left handed

A

d/r

67
Q

absence of long palmar muscle/have it

A

d/r

68
Q

coarse body hair/fine body hair

A

d/r

69
Q

male pattern baldness/baldness

A

d/r

70
Q

nearsightedness/normal

A

d/r

71
Q

normal hearing/deafness

A

d/r

72
Q

large eyes/small eyes

A

d/r

73
Q

short digits/normal digits

A

d/r

74
Q

hypertension/normal bp

A

d/r

75
Q

diabetes insipidus/normal excretion

A

d/r

76
Q

migraine headaches/normal

A

d/r

77
Q

curved thumb/straight thumb

A

d/r

78
Q

normal Cl- transport/cystic fibrosis

A

d/r

79
Q

hypercholesterolemia/normal cholesterol level

A

d/r

80
Q

Middigital hair/No middigital hair

A

d/r

81
Q

tall height/short height

A

d/r

82
Q

straight/kinky hair / wavy hair

A

d/r

242 A&P (5 decks)

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