Male Reproductive System

Question 1

male reproductive system

Answer 1

• primary sex organs are testes
• accessory organs are a complex set of ducts and tubules from testes to penis
• penis is organ os copulation

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

• skin covered face that provides testes with cooler environments than body temperature
• sperm develop at 3 degrees below normal body temperature
• scrotum homologous to labia majora in female
• a (median) raphe separates the 2 scrotal sacs
• dartos muscles is layer of smooth muscle that is part of wall of scrotum

Question 3

spermatic cord

Answer 3

• originates in inguinal canal
• testicular artery: branch of abdominal aorta
• pampiniform plexus: netword of veins surrounding the testicular artery merge to form testicular vein
• cremaster muscle and fascia: formed from muscle fibre extensions of internal oblique
• autonomic nerves: travel with plexus and connect to testes

Question 4

testes

Answer 4

• covered anteriorly and laterally by serous membrane that fold back on it self Calle tunica vaginalis
• tunica vaginalis has an outer parietal and inner visceral layer
• just deep to visceral layer and in contact with testis is thick, whitish fibrous capsule covering testis called tunica albuginea
• tunica albuginea projects into interior of testis as mediastinum testis through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and some nerves enter and leave testis

Question 5

function of testes

Answer 5

1) production of sperm

2) production and secretion of androgens, most common being testosterone

Question 6

seminiferous tubules cells

Answer 6

• subcutaneous cells: non dividing support cells that assist with sperm development, connected to each other by tight junctions and form the blood-testis barrier, monitors what gets in and out of sperm as they are developing
• a population of dividing germ cells that continuously produce sperm beginning at puberty

Question 7

ducts in male reproductive system

Answer 7

• rete testis
• efferent ductless
• epididymis
• ductus deferens (vas deferens)
• ejaculatory duct
• urethra

Question 8

rete testis

Answer 8

• receive sperm form seminiferous tubules

- where sperm cells start to leave testis and go into duct work

Question 9

efferent ductules

Answer 9

• connect rete testis to epididymis
• exit testis
• still in scrotum

Question 10

epididymis

Answer 10

• on posterosuperior surface of testes
• head, body and tail
• long convolutes duct of epididymis internally
• stores sperm ad serves in maturation process

Question 11

ductus (vas) deferens

Answer 11

• sperm leaving epididymis enter ductus deferens
• tube travels within spermatic cord and enters pelvic cavity through inguinal canal
• as ductus deferens approaches prostate gland it enlarges to form the ampulla

Question 12

ampulla

Answer 12

• unites with proximal portion of seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

Question 13

ejaculatory duct

Answer 13

• formed by uniting vas deferent and seminal vesicle

- in substance of prostate gland between 1-2cm long and conducts sperm from ductus deferens to prostatic urethra

Question 14

urethra

Answer 14

• transports semen from both ejaculatory ducts to outside of body

Question 15

3 divisions of urethra

Answer 15

• prostatic urethra
• membranous urethra
• spongy urethra

Question 16

accessory glands

Answer 16

• 3 glands that secrete fluid to mix with sperm to create seminal fluid
• secretions nourish sperm and neutralize acidity of vagina
  1) seminal vesicles
  2) prostate gland
  3) bulbourethral gland

Question 17

spinal vesicle

Answer 17

• paired seminal vesicles are located on posterior surface of bladder lateral to ampulla
• secrete viscous whitish-yellow alkaline fluid containing fructose for cellular metabolism, and prostaglandins which have a hormone like effect of body regulate smooth muscle, BP, vasodilation/constriction, and inflammation

Question 18

prostate gland

Answer 18

• located immediately inferior to bladder
• produces substances that are secreted directly into urethra
• slightly acidic and contains mucin, citric acid (nutrient for sperm), seminal plasmin (antibacterial), and prostatic specific antigen (enzyme that helps liquify semen, also helps to determine enlarged prostate in blood test, high PSA related to cancer)

Question 19

bulbourethral gland

Answer 19

• located in urogenital diaphragm on either side of membranous urethra
• mucin is secreted and enters spongy urethra at base of penis

Question 20

penis

Answer 20

• external genitalia with scrotum
• attached point is the root forming both the bulb and the crura of penis
• body (shaft) is enlarged portion
• tip is the glans with surrounds the external urethral orifice

Question 21

3 parallel cylindrical erectile bodies of penis

Answer 21

1) paired corpora cavernosa: dorsolaterally and terminate at distal shaft
2) single corpus spongiosum: inferior and middle and surrounds the spongy urethra
3) distal end of corpus spongiosum continues with the glans

Question 22

spermatogeneis

Answer 22

• entier process
• formation of sperm cells from stem cells via mitosis and meiosis
• 1 diploids stem cell—> 4 haploid spermatozoa)

Question 23

spermiogenesis

Answer 23

• final process

- final maturation phase of spermatogenesis where spermatid differentiate into motile sperm cells

Question 24

sperm viability

Answer 24

• mature sperm= nucleus, Golgi, mitochondria, microtubules
• average male produces 30 million/day
• spermatogenesis: 60-75 days
• spermiogenesis: 24 days
• sperm transport (epididymis): 10 days
• sperm can survive for up to 5 days in fallopian tubes

Question 25

semen

Answer 25

• seminal fluid form the 3 accessory glands combines with sperm to make up scene
• when released it is called ejaculate
• normally about 3-5ml and 200-500 million sperm
• normal sperm count: >40 million/ml
• fertile sperm count: 20 million/ml
• poor sperm count: <10 million/ml