Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Midterm 3 > Digestive I > Flashcards

Digestive I Flashcards

1
Q

GI tract organs

A
  • oral cavity
  • phraynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

accessory digestive organs

A
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

digestive system functions

A
  • ingestion
  • digestion
  • propulsion
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • elimination of waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

peristalsis

A

ripple like wave of muscular contraction that forces material to move further along GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

propulsion of food along GI tract

A
  • peristalsis

- segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

segmentation

A
  • curing and mixing of material helping to disperse the material and mix it and combine with digestive organ secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

oral cavity

A
  • cheeks, lips, palate
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cheeks

A
  • cheeks form lateral wall of oral cavity and are comprised mainly of buccinator muscles
  • cheeks end anteriorly as the lips
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lips

A
  • gingival cover alveolar processes of teeth
  • internal surface of upper and lower lips are attached to the gingival by a thing, midline mucosa fold called labial frenulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

palate

A
  • forms rood of oral cavity
  • anterior two thirds is called hard palate comprised of the palatine bones
  • posteriori one third is soft palate comprised of muscle
  • extending from soft posteriorly is uvula, which elevates during swallowing and closes off posterior entrance to nasopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tongue

A
  • manipulates and mixes ingested materials during chewing and helps compress the material into bolus
  • inferior surface attaches to floor of oral cavity by ad thin, midline mucous membrane called lingual frenulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bolus

A
  • a bolus needs to be moistened and is a globular mass of injected materials that can be more easily swallowed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

salivary glands

A
  • produce and secrete saliva into oral cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

functions of saliva

A
  • moistens ingested materials to become slick bolus
  • moisten, cleanses, and lubricates structures of oral cavity
  • chemical digestion of ingested materials ( has some digestive enzymes)
  • antibacterial action
  • dissolved materials so that taste receptors can be stimulated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pairs of salivary glands

A

1) parotid glands
2) submandibular glands
3) sublingual glands
- serous cells secrete saliva that is 97-99% water, enzymes, ions
- mucous cells secrete mucin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

parotid glands

A
  • large salivary gland
  • near ear
  • more serous cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

submandibular glands

A
  • under mandible
  • produce 70% of saliva
  • more serous cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sublingual glands

A
  • under tongue
  • produce 3-5% of saliva
  • more mucous cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

teeth

A
  • collectively dentition
  • exposed crown, constricted neck, and 1 or more roots that fit into a dental alveoli
  • dentin forms primary mass of tooth, harder than bone
  • each root is covered with cementum
  • external surface of dentin is covered with layer of enamel that forms the crown of tooth
  • centre of tooth is pulp cavity that contains connective tissue called pulp
  • root canal opens into the connective tissue through an opening called the apical foramen
  • blood vessels and nerves pass through this opening and are housed in the pulp
20
Q

deciduous teeth

A
  • erupt between 6-30 months
  • 20 in number
  • milk teeth
21
Q

permanet teeth

A
  • replace deciduous teeth

- 32 in number

22
Q

how teeth are replaced

A
  • osteoclasts above tooth destroys bone

- osteoblasts below tooth forms new bone and pushes tooth up

23
Q

types permanent teeth

A
  • incisors
  • canines
  • premolars
  • molars
24
Q

incisors

A
  • most anteriorly place
  • shaped like chisels
  • single root
25
Q

canines

A
  • posterolateral to incisors

- pointed tips for puncturing and tearing

26
Q

premolars

A
  • posterolateral to canines

- have flat crowns with prominent ridges called cusps for crushing and grinding

27
Q

molars

A
  • thickest and most posterior

- adapted for crushing and grinding

28
Q

pharynx

A
  • respiratory and digestive
  • 3 skeletal muscle pairs of pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, inferior) form the wall of the pharynx and participate in swallowing
  • CN X (vagus) innervates most pharyngeal muscles
  • branches of external carotid arteries supply the pharynx
  • internal jugular veins drain the pharynx
29
Q

pharyngeal constrictors

A
  • superior: skeletal muscle
  • middle: mixed skeletal and smooth muscle
  • inferior: smooth muscle
30
Q

deglutition oral/buccal stage

A
  • upper esophageal sphincter is closed
  • food is chewed and mixed with saliva in preparation for swallowing
  • tongue presses against hard palate, forcing bolus into oropharynx
31
Q

deglutition pharyngeal stage

A
  • tongue blocks mouth
  • soft palate and uvula rise, blocking nasopharynx
  • larynx rises so epiglottis covers trachea
  • upper esophageal sphincter relaxes, bolus travels down into esophagus
32
Q

deglutition esophageal stage

A
  • pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract and move bolus inferiorly down esophagus
  • upper esophageal sphincter closes behind bolus
33
Q

wall of abdominal GI tract

A 
- 4 concentric layers (tunics)
from deep to superficial:
- mucosa
- submucosa
- musularis
- adventitia or serosa
34
Q

mucosa

A
  • superficial epithelium
  • underlying areolar connective tissues called lamina propria
  • thin layer of smooth muscle called muscular mucosae
35
Q

submucosa

A
  • lymphatic ducts
  • mucin-secreting glands
    blood vessels
  • nerve
  • where all digestive glands are anchored
  • nerves and their associated ganglia are the submucosa nerve plexus
36
Q

muscularis

A

2 layers of smooth muscle

1) inner circular: constricts lumen and forms sphincters (peristalsis)
2) outer longitudinal: shorten tube (segmentation)
- exception for esophagus that has a mix of moth and stomach that has 3 layers
- nerve fibers and associated ganglia between two layers of muscles is called the myenteric nerve plexus

37
Q

adventitia or serosa

A
  • outermost layer

- loose areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibres

38
Q

esophagus

A
  • tubular passageway that conducts ingested materials from pharynx to stomach
  • posterior to trachea
  • passes through opening in diaphragm called esophageal hiatus as it connects to stomach
  • approx 25 cm long
  • about 1.5 cm is in abdomen prior to entering stomach
39
Q

stomach

A
  • upper left quadrant of abdomen
  • continue mechanical and chemical digestion of bolus
  • bolus eventually processes into paste like soup called chyme (processed quickly)
  • has 3 layers of muscle to aid in mechanical processing of ingested materials
40
Q

regions of stomach

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylori
  • inferior border is greater curvature
  • superior border in inferior curvature
  • internal surface is in folds called gastric folds or rugae
41
Q

wall of stomach

A
  • lined by simple columnar epithelium although little absorption occurs in stomach
  • stomach lining is indented by numerous depressions called gastric pits
42
Q

gastric secretions

A
  • along and at base of gastric pits are openings of gastric glands that secrete products into stomach
43
Q

gastric glands

A
  • surface coucous cells: secrete mucin
  • mucous neck cells: secretes acidic mucin
  • parietal cells: secreted hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
  • chief cells: secreted pepsinogen (not activated until it comes up into stomach and is activated by hydrochloric acid), converted to pepsin when active (its a zymogen(inactive precursor) for pepsin)
  • enteroendocrine cells: digestive cells, secretes gastrin hormone
44
Q

ulcer

A
  • parietal cells are secreting way too much hydrochloric acid of mucous cells and not sending enough mucous
  • essentially, stomach starts to digest itself
45
Q

stomach sphincters

A
  • cardiac sphincter: lower esophageal, regulates entrance of bolus from esophagus to stomach
  • pyloric sphincter; regulates release of chyme form stomach into small intestine
    food usually stays in stomach for 4-6 hours

Anatomy Midterm 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions