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2.3.2. Reproductive System > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the journey of the sperm?

A

Testes

Rete testes (hylum)

Efferent ductules = remove water, concentrate sperm

Epididymus = sperm maturation

Vas deferens = muscular tube carrying sperm away

Prostate

Urethra

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2
Q

What is the tunica albuginea of the testes?

A

Holds together the seminiferous tubules together

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3
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Outpost of peritoneal cavity that surrounds the testes as they descend

Layers = parietal, cavity, visceral

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4
Q

What is hydocoele?

A

Pathology = fluid between the tunica vaginalis

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5
Q

What is a haematocoele?

A

Blood between the tunica vaginalis

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6
Q

Which veins are dilated in a varicocoele, and what does it feel like on palpation?

A

Pampiniform venous plexus

Feels like a bag of worms

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7
Q

Why is a varicocoele almost always on the left?

A

Vein of the L connects to the larger outflowing vein at a R angle, which tends to fail

Valves that are meant to prevent backflow fail

Pressure in the upstream arteries creates a ‘nutcracker’ syndrome

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8
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

Start live solid, then become hollow tubes (in the testes)

Spermatogenesis occurs

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9
Q

What is the interstitium of the testes?

A

Tissue between the seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

Describe sertoli cells

A

Make up wall of seminiferous tubules

Nurture baby sperm - Remove excess cytoplasm from sperm

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11
Q

Outline the function of leydig cells?

A

Sit outside of the seminiferous tubules in the interstitial fluid

Androgen synthesis – testosterone

Fill of lipid droplets and sER

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12
Q

What is the blood supply of the testes?

A

As they descend they take they’re blood supply with them

L/R testicular artery from the abdominal aorta

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13
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the testes

A

R = to IVC

L = to L renal vein

Asymmetry due to great resistance in L due to extra vessel to IVC, congested = heavier = hang lower

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14
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the testes

A

Drain lymph to the abdo aortic region

Scrotum drain to inguinal region

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15
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

Testes twists on its blood supply

Veins then occluded = pressure in testes increase = occlude artery

Bell clapper deformity increases risk due to narrower areas of tunica vaginalis due to placement of epididymus

Treatment = fix testes to scrotal wall

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16
Q

What stops the testes from swapping sides?

A

Scrotal septum

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17
Q

What is the cremaster reflex?

A

Inner thigh stroked = sensory fibres of ilioinguinal N stimulated = activate motor fibres of genital branch of genitofemoral N = cremaster muscle contract = elevates testes

18
Q

What is the gubernaculum?

A

Guides the testes (and ovaries) down to its final position

19
Q

What are the abdominal wall muscles known as when they invaginate the descended testes?

A

Spermatic fascia

External oblique = external spermatic fascia

Internal oblique = cremasteric fascia

Transerversus abdominis = internal spermatic facia

20
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

Provided neurovascular supply to the testes

21
Q

What is contained within the spermatic cord?

A

3 facial layers = internal, cremasteric, external

3 arteries = testicular, to the vas, cremasteric

3 veins = testicular, to the vas, cremasteric

3 nerves = ilioinguinal (run alongside), cremasteric, sympathetic

The vas

22
Q

Draw a cross section of the spermatic cord

A
23
Q

In males how do the ureters and vas lie?

A

Ureter passes beneath the vas (water under the bridge)

24
Q

What muscles is responsible for regulating how high the testes sit?

A

Cremaster muscle

25
Q

What parts of the nervous system allow for erection and ejaculation?

A

P = erection S = ejaculation

26
Q

What approach is a vasectomy performed?

A

Scrotal approach

cut and tie the vas in the spermatic cord

27
Q

What are the accessory glands to the male reproductive tract?

A

Prostate

Seminal vesicles

Bulbourethral

28
Q

What volumes make up the ejaculate?

A

Testes = 10%

Seminal vesicle fluid = 65%

Prostate = 25%

29
Q

What is the role of the seminal vesicle?

A

Prod 65% of the ejaculate

Fluid = fructose rich, enzymes, prostaglandins

30
Q

What is the role of the prostate gland?

A

Make alkaline secretion = neutralise acidic vaginal environment

Contains some smooth muscles that help expel semen during ejaculation

Conveys vas ducts

31
Q

What is BPH – benign prostate hypertrophy?

A

Transitional zone enlarges = compression of urethra, eventually occlude

Happens regardless due to age

More androgens = larger prostate

32
Q

Cancer of the prostate typically occurs where?

A

Occurs peripherally

Can be observed via rectal exam

33
Q

What is the narrowest part of the urethra?

A

When the urethra passes through the pelvic floor muscles

During catheterisation you will feel resistance

34
Q

What is the role of the corpus spongiosum?

A

Mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis

Prevents the urethra from being pinched closed during erection

35
Q

What is the corpus cavernosa?

A

Erectile tissue = engorged with blood

36
Q

What is the tunica albuginea of the penis?

A

Fibrous envelope of the corpus cavernosa

Can rupture

37
Q

Wheres does the blood supply for the penis come from?

A

External iliac artery

Can become blocked by atherosclerosis = impotence

38
Q

What occurs when the penis get fractured?

A

Rupture of the tunica albuginea

If not fixed the erection won’t be straight

39
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Passages in the anterior abdominal wall which in men convey the spermatic cords and in women the round ligament of uterus

40
Q

Which structures of the male repro tract contract in peristaltic waves?

A

Vas deferens

41
Q

What valve stops the sperm going up into the bladder?

A

bladder neck muscle tightens to prevent ejaculate from entering the bladder as it passes from the prostate into the tube inside the urethra

42
Q

Lable the anatomy

A

2.3.2. Reproductive System (20 decks)

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