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2.3.2. Reproductive System > Development of the Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Development of the Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 germ layers

A

Ectoderm = skin, brain, NS

Mesoderm = CT, muscle, CVS

Endoderm = inner lining, liver, pancreas

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2
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

Formation of the 3 germ layers

Blastula (2 layers) to gastrula (3 layers)

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3
Q

What happens to the embryo in its 4th week of development?

A

Folds

Creates cavity with a gut tube suspended in it

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4
Q

The development of the gonads and internal genitalia happens from what part of the mesoderm?

A

Intermediate

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5
Q

The gut tube is developed from the pinching of what?

A

Yolk sac is pinched as the embryo folds

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6
Q

What is the primitive gut tube?

A

Precursor to the respiratory and GI system

Suspended inside the peritoneal cavity (lined by parietal peritoneum)

Surrounding the gut tube = visceral peritoneum

3 regions = foregut, midgut, hindgut

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7
Q

Briefly describe how a reproductive system is made

A

Start with indifferent gonads, indifferent duct system, indifferent external genitalia

Primordial germ cells arrive at indiff gonad

Karyotype of PGC determines what gonad becomes

If testes devel, androgens present, ducts = epididymis, vas deferens devel, EG = penis, scrotum

If ovary devel , ducts = uterus, tubes and part of vagina devel, EG = vulva

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8
Q

To begin with what do the repro, urinary and GI tract share?

A

Common caudal opening in hidgut, ends in a dilated structure = cloaca

Initially the cloaca is closed by cloacal mem

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9
Q

What is the urogenital ridge?

A

Region of intermediate mesoderm giving rise to embryonic kidney and gonad

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10
Q

What is the gonad derived from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm + extragonadal PGCs

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11
Q

What is the mesonephros?

A

Embryonic kidney

Contains mesonephric duct

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12
Q

Outline primordial germ cells

A

Arise from wall of yolk sac

Their karyotype determines the diff of indiff gonads

Migrate along dorsal mesentery to indiff gonad

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13
Q

What happens to the indiff gonad when XY PGCs arrive?

A

PGCs arrive = medullar of gonad diffs to seminiferous epithelium, PGCs primed for gametogenesis later

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14
Q

What happens to the indiff gonad when XX PGCs arrive?

A

PGCs arrive = cortex devel into primordial follicles (later to be ovarian follicles)

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15
Q

In the devel of internal genitalia, how are the male and female duct systems different?

A

Male = mesonephric duct

Female = paramesonephric duct

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16
Q

What decides the fate of the duct system in males?

A

Testes prod Mullerian inhib hormone = supress paramesonephric duct devel

Testes prod androgens = support mesonephric duct devel

17
Q

What decides the fate of the duct system in female?

A

No testes = no Mullerian inhib hormone = paramesonephric duct devel

No testes = no androgens = mesonephric duct degenerates

18
Q

How can devel of the ducts go wrong?

A

Exogenous androgen = support mesonephric ducts

Receptors for testosterone don’t work = mesonephric ducts don’t survive

19
Q

Outline the development of the mesonephric duct

A

Mesonephric duct first acts as duct for embryonic kidney in both males and females

Drains into urogenital sinus

Urogenital sinus becomes urinary bladder
Surplus to requirement once true kidney develops

Converted to vas deferens and epididymis and migrates with testis as it descends

20
Q

Outline the development of the paramesonephric duct

A

Appear as invaginations of epithelium of urogenital ridge

Travel caudally to make contact with the cloaca (urogenital sinus)

Cranially open to abdo cavity

21
Q

Outline the development of the uterus

A

Fusing of the paramesonephric ducts

22
Q

What are the 2 tissue that give rise to the vagina?

A

Paramesonephric duct tissue

Sinovaginal bulb tissue

23
Q

What are the basic components for the external genitalia?

A

Genital tubercle

Genital folds

Genital swellings

24
Q

How does the urogenital sinus form?

A

Rupture of the cloaca

25
Q

Describe the devel of male external genitalia

A

Genital tubercle elongates into glans penis

Genital folds use to form spongy urethra

Fusion driven by dihydrotestosterone

26
Q

Describe the devel of female external genitalia

A

No fusion = vulva

Genital tubercle devel in clitoris

27
Q

Outline the descent of the testis

A

Testes behind peritoneum

Gubernaculum attaches it to labial/scrotal folds = leads it down

28
Q

If the processes vaginalis remains patent what occurs?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

29
Q

Outline the descent of the ovaries

A

Gubernaculum attaches it to labial/scrotal folds = leads it down

Only descends as far as pelvis = uterus forms mechanical barrier

2.3.2. Reproductive System (20 decks)

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