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CC 2 LEC > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads
• testes (temperature _____degrees
Celsius lower than the body temp)

A

2-3

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2
Q

• spermatogenesis, sex hormones production

A

Testes

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3
Q

• storage and transport of spermatozoa at proper time

A

• Sex accessories

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4
Q

Sperm maturation

Propel sperm to ejaculatory ducts

Provide nutrients for sperm and fluid

Provide enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction

Add alkaline mucus to neutralize
prostatic acid and vaginal acidity

A

Epididymis

Ductus deferens

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral glands

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5
Q

• contains cells in various stages of spermatogenesis (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids)

A

Seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

Sertoli is stimulated by

A

FSH

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7
Q

• aid in the development and maturation of spermatid to a sperm cell

• support, protection & nutritional regulation of the developing spermatozoa

A

Sertoli cells (stimulated by FSH)

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8
Q

• phagocytosis of cytoplasm shed by developing spermatogenic cells

• establish the blood-testis barrier that prevents contact with immune system

A

Sertoli

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9
Q

• Leydig cells (stimulated by LH): primary source of testosterone production, synthesize androgens from cholesterol

• Also produce p450 aromatase

• converts testosterone to estradiol

A

Intersititium

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10
Q

Leydig cells (stimulated by____)

A

LH

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11
Q

Intersititium
• Leydig cells (stimulated by LH): primary source of_____ production, synthesize____ from cholesterol

• Also produce_____
• converts testosterone to_____

A

testosterone; androgens

p450 aromatase; estradiol

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12
Q

OTHER PRODUCTS OF SERTOLI CELLS
•_________
• keeps local testosterone levels high for spermatogenesis
•_________
• support sperm cells and spermatogenesis
•_________
• Exerts negative feedback on FSH (testosterone exerts negative feedback on LH)

A

Androgen-binding protein

Growth factors

Inhibin B

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13
Q

: essential for growth and division of the testicular germinal cells, which is the first stage in forming sperm

A

Testosterone

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14
Q

stimulates the Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

A

• Luteinizing hormone

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15
Q

stimulates the Sertoli cells;

without this stimulation, conversion of the spermatids to sperm (the process of spermiogenesis) will not occur/maintain spermatogenesis

A

• Follicle- stimulating hormone

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16
Q

•________, formed from testosterone by the Sertoli cells when they are stimulated by follicle- stimulating hormone: also essential for spermiogenesis

A

Estrogens

17
Q

•_______: necessary for controlling background metabolic functions of the testes.

specifically promotes early division of the spermatogonia

A

Growth hormone

18
Q

Testosterone
• Formed by_______

A

Leydig cells

19
Q

TESTOSTERONE

• Converted to dihydrotestosterone (more potent form) in the peripheral tissues by_______
• Degraded by the liver and excreted as ______ or ______into bile and urine

A

5-alpha-reductase

androstenedione or
DHEA

20
Q

Sex hormone-binding globulin
•Synthesized in the______
• Greater binding for testosterone than estrogen

A

liver

21
Q

• High SHBG =
• Low SHBG =

A

low free testosterone

high free testosterone

22
Q

Functions of Testosterone

A

• Development of male body characteristics
• Descent of testes during 2-3 months of gestation
• Distribution of body hair
• Pubis, linea alba, face, chest, back
• Increasing musculature after puberty

23
Q

: presence or absence of a Y chromosome

: presence of ovaries or testes

: appearance of external genitalia

A

•Genetic sex

•Gonadal sex

•Genital sex

24
Q

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM

A

• Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome

Testicular Injury and Infection
Cryptorchidism:
Viral orchitis:
Epididymitis:
Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer:
Trauma

25
Q

• Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome

Testicular Injury and Infection
Cryptorchidism:
Viral orchitis:
Epididymitis:
Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer:
Trauma

A

Hypergonadotropic
Hypogonadism

26
Q

• Presence of extra X chromosome: prevents the testes from functioning normally (atrophic)

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

27
Q

Chrimosome(?)))
• Azoospermia
• Elevated FSH and LH
• Decreased Testosterone

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

• 47, XXY

28
Q

• only Sertoli cells line the tubules (no sperm cells)

A

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
• Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome

29
Q

• characterized by male sterility without sexual abnormality
• Small testes, high FSH levels, azoospermia, and normal testosterone levels

• CONFIRMATORY TEST :_____

A

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
• Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome

Testicular biopsy

30
Q

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
Testicular Injury and Infection
•________: incomplete descent of testis from abdominal cavity to the scrotum

•_________: mumps, echovirus, group B arbovirus

•________: N. gonorrhoede, C. trachomatis, E. coli, M. tuberculosis

•_________: oligospermia or azoospermia occurs after 800 mGy (80 rad)

•________: physical and thermal trauma may lead to the secondary atrophy of testes

A

Cryptorchidism
Viral orchitis

Epididymitis

Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer

Trauma

31
Q

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM

• ‘genetically male but physically female’, classified as a______

• a genetic disorder that makes XY fetuses insensitive (unresponsive) to androgens

• Deficiency of androgen receptors

• Internally, there is a short blind-pouch vagina and no uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries (infertile)

• There are testes in the abdomen or the inguinal canal (undescended testes)

• Usually detected at puberty when a girl should but does not begin to menstruate

A

Testicular Feminization Syndrome/Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

male pseudohermaphrodite

32
Q

• Kallmann’s syndrome

A

HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM

33
Q

• characterized by delayed or absent puberty and an impaired
sense of smell

• no secondary sex characteristics: micropenis, cryptorchidism

A

HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
• Kallmann’s syndrome

34
Q

• NOTABLE SYMPTOM: hyposmia or anosmia
• Hyperprolactinemia: high PRL inhibits GnRH
• Severe stress, malnutrition, opioid/marijuana use

A

HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
• Kallmann’s syndrome

CC 2 LEC (13 decks)

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