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Anaphy finals > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A
  1. Production and transport of male sperm cells
  2. Production of male hormones like testosterone
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2
Q

GONADS:

A
  • Male- testis
  • Female - ovary
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3
Q

External Genitalia

A
  1. Scrotum
  2. Penis
  3. Glans penis
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4
Q
  • wrinkled sac containing testis, epididymis, and vas deferens
  • dartos muscle
  • regulates testicular temperature
  • cold temperature- testis gets closer to the body
  • warm temperature- testis hangs loosely
  • spermatogenesis requires 2-3 °C lower than body temperature
A

Scrotum

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5
Q
  1. Body- made up 3 erectile tissues
  2. Root-proximal
A

Penis

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6
Q

a. corpora cavernosa
- 2, dorsolateral, vascular spaces
b. corpus spongiosum
- contains spongy urethra

A

Body of Penis

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7
Q

a. bulb
b. crura

A

Root-proximal of penis

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8
Q
  • 2, dorsolateral, vascular spaces
A

corpora cavernosa (Body of Penis)

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9
Q
  • contains spongy urethra
A

corpus spongiosum (Body of Penis)

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10
Q
  • expanded proximal portion of corpus spongiosum. Covered by bulbospongiosum
A

bulb (Root-proximal of penis)

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11
Q
  • proximal tapered parts of corpora cavernosa. Covered by ischiocavernosus
A

crura (Root-proximal of penis)

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12
Q
  • expanded distal end of corpus spongiosum
  • distal terminal urethra is expanded called fossa navicularis
  • prepuce and frenulum
A

Glans penis

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13
Q

Internal Genitalia

A
  1. Testis
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14
Q
  • intra-abdominal during fetal life
  • descends and covered by tunica vaginalis from peritoneum
  • deep covering tunica albuginea
  • divides the testis into lobules
  • each lobules contains seminiferous tubule
A

Testis

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15
Q

Cells in Testis

A
  1. Spermatogenic cells
  2. Sertoli cells/sustentacular cells
  3. Interstitial cells of leydig
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16
Q
  • grow and mature to form mature sperm cells
A

Spermatogenic cells

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17
Q
  • support and protect sperm cells
A

Sertoli cells/sustentacular cells

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18
Q
  • secrete testosterone
  • located in between seminiferous tubules
A

Interstitial cells of leydig

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19
Q

Male Reproductive Duct

A

A. Epididymis
B. Vas/Ductus Deferens

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20
Q
  • comma shaped, 4cm long, located posterior to the testis, with ff parts, head, body and tail
  • tail is continuous with vas deferens
A

Epididymis

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21
Q
  1. Site of sperm maturation- mobility and capability to fertilize an ovum( 10-14 days)
  2. Storage of sperm cells
  3. Propel sperm cells to vas deferens
A

Epididymis

22
Q
  • Continuation of epididymis
  • 45cm long
  • Passes through the inguinal canal and enter the pelvic cavity
  • Joins the duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duc
A

Vas/Ductus Deferens

23
Q
  1. Storage of sperm cells
  2. Conveys sperm cell from epididymis to ejaculatory duct and urethra
  3. Reabsorbed not ejaculated sperm cells
A

Function of Vas deferens:

24
Q
  • widest, most dilatable
A

a. Prostatic (2-3 cm)

25
Q
  • traverses urogenital diaphragm, shortest and least dilatable
A

b. Membranous (1 cm )

26
Q
  • longest, traverses corpus spongiosum
A

c. Penile (15-20 cm)

27
Q
  1. Male urethra 20cm
    a. Prostatic (2-3 cm)
    - widest, most dilatable
    b. Membranous (1 cm )
    - traverses urogenital diaphragm, shortest and least dilatable
    c. Penile (15-20 cm)
    - longest, traverses corpus spongiosum
A

Urethra

28
Q

Accessory reproductive organ

A
  1. Prostate gland
  2. Seminal vesicle
  3. Cowper’s (Bulbourethral) Gland
29
Q
  • located beneath urinary bladder with 5 lobes
  • surround prostatic urethra
  • secretes milky, slightly acidic pH 6.5 seminal fluid
A

Prostate gland

30
Q

Secretions of prostate gland

A
  1. Citric acid
  2. Acid phosphatase
  3. Proteolytic enzyme
31
Q
  • for ATP energy of sperm cells
A

Citric acid

32
Q
  • breaks down clotting protein
A

Proteolytic enzyme

33
Q
  • Located postero-inferior to urinary bladder
  • 5cm long
  • Convoluted pouch
  • 60% of semen volume
  • Secretes fructose
A

Seminal vesicle

34
Q

Secretions of Seminal vesicle

A
  1. Alkaline viscous fluid
  2. Prostaglandin
  3. Clotting protein
35
Q
  • neutralizes acidic environment of vagina and male urethra
  • contains fructose for energy source of sperm cells
A

Alkaline viscous fluid

36
Q
  • mobility and sperm viability
  • stimulate smooth muscle contraction of female
A

Prostaglandin

37
Q
  • coagulate sperm after ejaculation
A

Clotting protein

38
Q
  • Located within the urogenital diaphragm on either side of membranous urethra
  • opens into penile urethra
A

Cowper’s (Bulbourethral) Gland

39
Q

Secretions of Cowper’s (Bulbourethral) Gland

A
  1. Alkaline fluid
  2. Mucus
40
Q
  • lubricates penis and lining of urethra
A

Mucus

41
Q
  • volume- 2.5- 5 ml with 50-150 million sperm cells/ml appro 300-500millions sperm
  • Slightly alkaline 7.2-7.7 - Contains seminal plasmin destroys certain bacteria
  • Once ejaculated sperm coagulates in 5min due to clotting protein from seminal vesicle
  • About 10-20 min liquefies due to prostate specific antigen(PSA) and other proteolytic enzymes from prostate
A

Semen

42
Q

Components of Semen

A

1.Seminal fluid
2. Sperm

43
Q
  • secretion from glands
  • prostate gives milky white, seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland sticky appearance
A

Seminal fluid

44
Q

70um, viable in 72hrs

A

Sperm

45
Q

Sperm cells

A

A. Head
B. Mid piece
C. tail

46
Q
  1. Acrosomes with lysosomal enzymes for penetration of zona pellucida of 2° oocyte
  2. nucleus- with 23 chromosomes haploid number
A

Head of Sperm cells

47
Q

with mitochondria

A

Mid piece of Sperm cells

48
Q

flagella for motility

A

tail of Sperm cells

49
Q
  • Enlargement and stiffening of the penis
  • Due to tactile, visual, auditory, olfactory and imagination reaches erection center in hypothalamus— sends parasympathetic nerve impulses into the penis—vasodilatation of helicine arteries into the penis- erection
A

Erection

50
Q
  • Powerful expulsion of semen from the urethra to the exterior — due to sympathetic reflex— closure of smooth muscle sphincter at the base of urinary bladder- peristaltic contraction of the male reproductive tract
A

Ejaculation

51
Q
  • Discharge of small volume of semen before ejaculation
  • May occur during sleep, nocturnal emission
  • Due to peristaltic contraction of male reproductive tracts
A

Emission

52
Q
  • Undescended testis
  • 80% will spontaneously descend during 1 year of life
  • May result to sterility and testicular cancer
A

Cryptorchidism

Anaphy finals (5 decks)

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