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Anaphy finals > Excretory > Flashcards

Excretory Flashcards

1
Q
  • paired, reddish brown, retroperitoneal
A

Kidney

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2
Q

Kidney coverings:

A
  1. Renal capsule
  2. perirenal fat (perinephric fat)
  3. renal fascia (gerota’s fascia)
    - continuous with transversalis fascia
  4. Pararenal (paranephric fat)
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3
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

Right

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4
Q

Kidney 2 parts:

A

2 parts:
1. cortex
- outer

2. medulla
	- inner
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5
Q
  • union of major calyces
A

Pelvis

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6
Q
  • union of minor calyces
A

Major calyx

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7
Q
  • Structural and functional unit of the kidney
  • 1 million nephron each kidney
A

Nephron

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8
Q

Nephron Consist of the ff:

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. bowman’s capsule
  3. Proximal convoluted tubule
  4. Loop of henle
  5. Distal convoluted tubule
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9
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

1.Inner visceral layer
2. Parietal layer

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10
Q
  • composed of podocytes, octopus like that terminates in branching pedicles (Bowman’s capsule)
A

Inner visceral layer

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11
Q

simple squamous epithelium (Bowman’s capsule)

A

Parietal layer

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12
Q

Glomerulus plus bowman’s capsule
Juxtaglomerular apparatus- consist of the ff:
1. JG cells
2. Macula densa
3. Mesangial cell

A

Renal(Malphigian) corpuscle

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13
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus- consist of the ff:

A
  1. JG cells
  2. Macula densa
  3. Mesangial cell
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14
Q

Mechanism of urine formation

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
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15
Q
  • Acts as a filter
  • 1/5 ofblood flowing through the kidneys is filtered from the glomeruli
  • Through filtration membrane
A

Glomerular filtration

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16
Q

Pressures acting on the Glomerulus

A
  1. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
  2. Glomerular osmotic pressure
  3. Capsular hydrostatic pressure
17
Q
  • a force that push the water and solutes across the filtration membrane (Pressures acting on the Glomerulus)
A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

18
Q
  • opposes filtration, hold the fluid inside the glomerulus exerted by plasma protein (Pressures acting on the Glomerulus)
A

Glomerular osmotic pressure

19
Q
  • opposes filtration, force exerted by the fluid inside the bowman’s capsule (Pressures acting on the Glomerulus)
A

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

20
Q
  • Force responsible for filtrate formation
A

Net Filtration Pressure

21
Q

NFP=

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure- (glomerular oncotic pressure + capsular hydrostatic pressure)

22
Q
  • Refers to the amount of filtrate formed per minute time
  • Equal to 125ml/min
  • Directly proportional to the net filtration pressure
A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

23
Q
  • The process of returning needed subts from the filtrate to the capillary blood
  • Active or passivedepending on a particular substance
  • PCT is the most active 80% of filtrate, nutrients water and Na, the bulk actively transported ions are reabsorbed here
  • Reabsoption in DCT tubule and collecting duct is controlled by Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
A

Tubular reabsortion

24
Q
  • adding substance to the filtrate from blood or tubular cells
  • Can be active or passive
  • Important in eliminating urea, excess ions , drugs, and maintaining acid base balance
A

Tubular secretion

25
Q

Urine osmolarity ranges from ____________

A

50-1200mosm

26
Q

In the absence of ADH, urine becomes _____________

A

diluted

27
Q

When Blood ADH increases the permeability of DCT and collecting duct to water _____________

A

increases

28
Q

_____________of the medullary fluid ensures that the urine reaching the DCT is hypo-osmolar

A

Hyperosmolarity

29
Q
  • The rate at which the kidneys clear the plasma for a particular solute
A

Renal Clearance

30
Q
  • 10 inches long muscular tube
  • 3 anatomical constrictions:
    1. at the uretero-pelvic junction
    2. where iliac vessels cross the ureter
    3. where it joins the urinary bladder
A

Ureter

31
Q
  • 3 anatomical constrictions of ureter
A
  1. at the uretero-pelvic junction
  2. where iliac vessels cross the ureter
  3. where it joins the urinary bladder
32
Q
  • Hollow muscular organ
  • Wall consist of detrussor muscle
  • Inner- trigone occupied by ureteral orifices and urethral orifice
A

Urinary bladder

33
Q

Male urethra

A

a. prostatic
b. membranous
c. penile

34
Q
  • widest, most dilatable (Male urethra)
A

prostatic

35
Q
  • traverses urogenital diaphragm, shortest and least dilatable (Male urethra)
A

membranous

36
Q
  • longest, traverses corpus spongiosum (Male urethra)
A

penile

37
Q
  • 4 cm
    • opens into vestibule
A

Female urethra

Anaphy finals (5 decks)

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