Female reproductive system Flashcards
1
Q
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
A
- Production and transport of ovum
- Production of hormones
- estrogen
- progesterone
- relaxin
- inhibin
- Nurture the developing zygote
2
Q
- Diamond shape
- Contains genitalia and anus
A
PERINEUM
3
Q
BOUNDARIES:
A
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
4
Q
- pubic symphysis
A
Anterior boundaries
5
Q
- ischial tuberosities
A
Lateral boundaries
6
Q
- coccyx
A
Posterior boundaries
7
Q
EXTERNAL GENITALIA
A
- MONS PUBIS
- LABIA MAJORA
- Labia Minora
- VESTIBULE
8
Q
- mound of fats beneath and symphysis pubis
- puberty….. pubic hair
A
MONS PUBIS
9
Q
- skin fold with hair
- pudendal cleft - space in between labia majora
- sweat, sebaceous glands, apocrine
- homologue of male scrotum
A
LABIA MAJORA
10
Q
- Skin fold, hairless
- Few sweat gland
- Many sebaceous gland
A
Labia Minora
11
Q
- space between labia minora
A
VESTIBULE
12
Q
- frenulum and prepuce; homologue of the penis
A
Clitoris
13
Q
- secretes mucus
- homologue to prostate
- vaginal orifice- guarded with hymen
A
paraurethral glands (skene’s gland)
14
Q
VESTIBULE
A
a. Clitoris
b. Urethral orifice
c. paraurethral glands (skene’s gland)
d. bartholin’s (greater vestibular gland)
15
Q
II. INTERNAL GENITALIA
PARTS OF INTERNAL GENITALIA
A
- VAGINA
- UTERUS
- FALLOPIAN TUBE
- OVARY
16
Q
- fibromuscular canal
- lined by mucous membrane
- rugae
- hymen
- acidic
- fornices
A
VAGINA
17
Q
FUNCTIONS OF VAGINA
A
- copulation
- Birth canal
- Outlet of menstrual flow
18
Q
- receives the penis during sexual intercourse
A
copulation
19
Q
UTERUS Parts:
A
- Fundus
- Body
- Cervix
20
Q
- above attachment of fallopian tube
A
Fundus (Uterus parts)
21
Q
- from attachment of fundus to isthmus uteri
A
Body (Uterus parts)
22
Q
- distal portion with canal
- surrounded by proximal part of vaginal canal
A
Cervix (Uterus parts)
23
Q
LAYERS OF THE UTERUS
A
- Perimetrium
- MYOMETRIUM
- ENDOMETRIUM
24
Q
- outer covering
- derived from peritoneum
- forms the uterovesical and rectouterine pouch
A
Perimetrium (LAYERS OF THE UTERUS)
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- Middle layer
- Smooth muscles
- Thickest at the fundus and thinnest at the cervix
- Response to oxytocin stimulation during labor and delivery
MYOMETRIUM (LAYERS OF THE UTERUS)
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- Innermost
- Contains endometrial glands
- Response to estrogen and progesterone that prepares the uterus for possible implantation
ENDOMETRIUM (LAYERS OF THE UTERUS)
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ENDOMETRIUM Layers:
1. Stratum functionalis
2. Stratum basalis
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- slough off during menstruation
Stratum functionalis (ENDOMETRIUM Layers)
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- does not slough off during menstruation
- gives rise to new stratum
Stratum basalis (ENDOMETRIUM Layers)
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Ligamentous Support of the Uterus
1. Broad ligament
2. Round ligament of the uterus
3. Uterosacral ligament
4. Cardinal ligament or transverse cervical
31
- derived from peritoneum
Broad ligament (Ligamentous Support of the Uterus)
32
- remnant of embryonic gubernaculum; attaches to labia minora
Round ligament of the uterus (Ligamentous Support of the Uterus)
33
provides support to vagina and cervix
Cardinal ligament or transverse cervical (Ligamentous Support of the Uterus)
34
FALLOPIAN TUBE
- With 4 parts:
1. Infundibulum
2. Ampulla
3. Isthmus
4. intramural/interstitial
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- with fimbria
Infundibulum (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)
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- most dilated
- site of fertilization
- longest, lat 2/3
Ampulla (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)
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- narrowest
Isthmus (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)
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- buried into uterus
intramural/interstitial (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)
39
FUNCTIONS of the Fallopian Tube:
Provide route for sperm to reach the ovum
Transport oocyte from ovary to fallopian tube during ovulation
Site of oocyte digestion if no fertilization
Transport fertilized ovum to be implanted in the endometrium of the uterus
40
- Almond shape
- located lateral to the uterus
- produces oocyte
- mesovarium… portion of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary
- ovarian (utero-ovarian) ligament
- infundibulopelvic (suspensory) ligament
OVARY
41
HORMONES secreted by the Ovary
1. PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN
2. INHIBIN
3. RELAXIN
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- prepares the uterine glands and maintains the endometrium for implantation
- Prepares the mammary for milk production
- inhibits FSH and LH if high
PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN
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- secreted by granulosa cell and inhibits FSH secretion
INHIBIN
44
- relaxes the uterus during implantation and pregnancy
- help dilates the cervix
- from ovary & placenta
RELAXIN
45
HORMONAL REGULATION
1. Follicle stimulating Hormone
2. Luteinizing hormone
3. Estrogen
4. Progesterone
46
- Controlled by GnRH from hypothalamus that causes the release of FSH and LH
HORMONAL REGULATION
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- stimulate growth of follicle and secretion of estrogen
Follicle stimulating Hormone
48
- stimulate further devt of follicle, ovulation, corpus luteum production of progesterone
Luteinizing hormone
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- maintenance of female repro, secondary characteristics and breast devt
Estrogen
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- secreted by corpus luteum
- acts synergistically with estrogen
- prepares the endometrium for implantation and mammary gland for milk production
Progesterone
51
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
A. OVARIAN CYCLE
B. UTERINE CYCLE
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- involves maturation of oocyte
OVARIAN CYCLE
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- changes in the endometrium
UTERINE CYCLE
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Ovarian Cycle
1. Primordial follicle
2. Primary follicle
3. Secondary follicle
4. Mature (graafian follicle)
55
Ovarian Cycle
1. The primordial follicle Consists of an oocytes surrounded by a single layer of flat granulosa cells
2. A primordial follicle becomes a primary follicle as the granulosa cells become enlarged and cuboidal.
3. The primary follicle enlarges. Granulosa cells form more than one layer of cells. The zona pellucida forms around the oocyte.
4. A secondary follicle forms when fluid-filled vesicles (spaces) develop among the granulosa cells and a well-developed theca becomes apparent around granulosa cells.
5. A mature follicle forms when the fluid-filled vesicles form a single antrum. When a follicle becomes fully mature, it is enlarged to its maximum size, a large antrum is present, and the oocyte is located in the cumulus cells
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- Release of secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube
- Usually during 14th day of a 28th day cycle
- Follicles retained from mature graafian lead to minor bleeding called corpus hemorrhagicum and later transforms into corpus luteum
OVULATION
57
PHASES OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
a. MENSTRUAL PHASE
B. PROLIFERATIVE ( Follicular ) PHASE
C. SECRETORY ( Luteal ) PHASE
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- last for 3-5 days
- 1st day of menstruation is 1st day of cycle
- 50-150 ml of menstrual flow
- decreased estrogen and progesterone level in the blood causes ischemia of functionalis leading to menstruation
MENSTRUAL PHASE
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- Between menstruation and ovulation
- More variable length
- Dominant follicle is selected to mature
- Estrogen and inhibin secreted by dominant follicle and stop FSH secretion to prevent other follicle to grow
- Repair of endometrium
- Cells of basalis form new functionalis
PROLIFERATIVE ( Follicular ) PHASE
60
- Constant phase last for 14 days
- After ovulation..... LH stimulated remnants of mature graafian follicle to develop into ... corpus luteum
- Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen
- In the Ovary ..... if the oocyte is fertilized .... corpus luteum can persistup to 2 weeks due to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin produced by placenta
- If not fertilized .... corpus luteum degenerates in 10 to 12 days time...... forming corpus albicans
- Endometrium thickens ..... and edema formation for preparation of implantation
SECRETORY ( Luteal ) PHASE
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Start of menstruation
MENARCHE
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No more menstruation
MENOPAUSE
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Absence of menstruation
AMENORRHEA
64
Methods of Contraception
- Rhythm method
- Condom
- Diaphragm or cap with spermicidal gel
- Intrauterine device
- Oral contraceptive Pills
- Injectable... depo-provera... progesterone
- Tubal ligation
65
(Count the days where you are fertile)
Rhythm method
66
(Inserted in the vaginal canal it would be preventing the entry of sperms and kill them)
Diaphragm or cap with spermicidal gel
67
(preventing the entry of sperms)
Intrauterine device
68
(preventing the fertilization)
Oral contraceptive Pills
69
( (preventing the meet up on the ovulum since there will no ovulation)
Injectable... depo-provera... progesterone
70
(cutting the tube, there will be no oocyte production)
Tubal ligation
71
Pregnancy outside the uterus
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
72
Placenta is not in the right position
PLACENTA PREVIA
73
Development of cyst in the ovary
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME ( PCOS)
74
Never back down never what?!!!
NEVER GIVE UP!
