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Anaphy finals > Female reproductive system > Flashcards

Female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:

A
  1. Production and transport of ovum
  2. Production of hormones
    • estrogen
    • progesterone
    • relaxin
    • inhibin
  3. Nurture the developing zygote
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2
Q
  • Diamond shape
  • Contains genitalia and anus
A

PERINEUM

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3
Q

BOUNDARIES:

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

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4
Q
  • pubic symphysis
A

Anterior boundaries

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5
Q
  • ischial tuberosities
A

Lateral boundaries

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6
Q
  • coccyx
A

Posterior boundaries

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7
Q

EXTERNAL GENITALIA

A
  1. MONS PUBIS
  2. LABIA MAJORA
  3. Labia Minora
  4. VESTIBULE
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8
Q
  • mound of fats beneath and symphysis pubis
  • puberty….. pubic hair
A

MONS PUBIS

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9
Q
  • skin fold with hair
  • pudendal cleft - space in between labia majora
  • sweat, sebaceous glands, apocrine
  • homologue of male scrotum
A

LABIA MAJORA

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10
Q
  • Skin fold, hairless
  • Few sweat gland
  • Many sebaceous gland
A

Labia Minora

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11
Q
  • space between labia minora
A

VESTIBULE

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12
Q
  • frenulum and prepuce; homologue of the penis
A

Clitoris

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13
Q
  • secretes mucus
  • homologue to prostate
  • vaginal orifice- guarded with hymen
A

paraurethral glands (skene’s gland)

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14
Q

VESTIBULE

A

a. Clitoris
b. Urethral orifice
c. paraurethral glands (skene’s gland)
d. bartholin’s (greater vestibular gland)

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15
Q

II. INTERNAL GENITALIA
PARTS OF INTERNAL GENITALIA

A
  1. VAGINA
  2. UTERUS
  3. FALLOPIAN TUBE
  4. OVARY
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16
Q
  • fibromuscular canal
  • lined by mucous membrane
  • rugae
  • hymen
  • acidic
  • fornices
A

VAGINA

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17
Q

FUNCTIONS OF VAGINA

A
  1. copulation
  2. Birth canal
  3. Outlet of menstrual flow
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18
Q
  • receives the penis during sexual intercourse
A

copulation

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19
Q

UTERUS Parts:

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Cervix
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20
Q
  • above attachment of fallopian tube
A

Fundus (Uterus parts)

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21
Q
  • from attachment of fundus to isthmus uteri
A

Body (Uterus parts)

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22
Q
  • distal portion with canal
  • surrounded by proximal part of vaginal canal
A

Cervix (Uterus parts)

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23
Q

LAYERS OF THE UTERUS

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. MYOMETRIUM
  3. ENDOMETRIUM
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24
Q
  • outer covering
  • derived from peritoneum
  • forms the uterovesical and rectouterine pouch
A

Perimetrium (LAYERS OF THE UTERUS)

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25
Q
  • Middle layer
  • Smooth muscles
  • Thickest at the fundus and thinnest at the cervix
  • Response to oxytocin stimulation during labor and delivery
A

MYOMETRIUM (LAYERS OF THE UTERUS)

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26
Q
  • Innermost
  • Contains endometrial glands
  • Response to estrogen and progesterone that prepares the uterus for possible implantation
A

ENDOMETRIUM (LAYERS OF THE UTERUS)

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27
Q

ENDOMETRIUM Layers:

A
  1. Stratum functionalis
  2. Stratum basalis
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28
Q
  • slough off during menstruation
A

Stratum functionalis (ENDOMETRIUM Layers)

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29
Q
  • does not slough off during menstruation
  • gives rise to new stratum
A

Stratum basalis (ENDOMETRIUM Layers)

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30
Q

Ligamentous Support of the Uterus

A
  1. Broad ligament
  2. Round ligament of the uterus
  3. Uterosacral ligament
  4. Cardinal ligament or transverse cervical
31
Q
  • derived from peritoneum
A

Broad ligament (Ligamentous Support of the Uterus)

32
Q
  • remnant of embryonic gubernaculum; attaches to labia minora
A

Round ligament of the uterus (Ligamentous Support of the Uterus)

33
Q

provides support to vagina and cervix

A

Cardinal ligament or transverse cervical (Ligamentous Support of the Uterus)

34
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBE
- With 4 parts:

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Ampulla
  3. Isthmus
  4. intramural/interstitial
35
Q
  • with fimbria
A

Infundibulum (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)

36
Q
  • most dilated
  • site of fertilization
  • longest, lat 2/3
A

Ampulla (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)

37
Q
  • narrowest
A

Isthmus (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)

38
Q
  • buried into uterus
A

intramural/interstitial (FALLOPIAN TUBE part)

39
Q

FUNCTIONS of the Fallopian Tube:

A

Provide route for sperm to reach the ovum
Transport oocyte from ovary to fallopian tube during ovulation
Site of oocyte digestion if no fertilization
Transport fertilized ovum to be implanted in the endometrium of the uterus

40
Q
  • Almond shape
  • located lateral to the uterus
  • produces oocyte
  • mesovarium… portion of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary
  • ovarian (utero-ovarian) ligament
  • infundibulopelvic (suspensory) ligament
A

OVARY

41
Q

HORMONES secreted by the Ovary

A
  1. PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN
  2. INHIBIN
  3. RELAXIN
42
Q
  • prepares the uterine glands and maintains the endometrium for implantation
  • Prepares the mammary for milk production
  • inhibits FSH and LH if high
A

PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN

43
Q
  • secreted by granulosa cell and inhibits FSH secretion
A

INHIBIN

44
Q
  • relaxes the uterus during implantation and pregnancy
  • help dilates the cervix
  • from ovary & placenta
A

RELAXIN

45
Q

HORMONAL REGULATION

A
  1. Follicle stimulating Hormone
  2. Luteinizing hormone
  3. Estrogen
  4. Progesterone
46
Q
  • Controlled by GnRH from hypothalamus that causes the release of FSH and LH
A

HORMONAL REGULATION

47
Q
  • stimulate growth of follicle and secretion of estrogen
A

Follicle stimulating Hormone

48
Q
  • stimulate further devt of follicle, ovulation, corpus luteum production of progesterone
A

Luteinizing hormone

49
Q
  • maintenance of female repro, secondary characteristics and breast devt
A

Estrogen

50
Q
  • secreted by corpus luteum
  • acts synergistically with estrogen
  • prepares the endometrium for implantation and mammary gland for milk production
A

Progesterone

51
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

A

A. OVARIAN CYCLE
B. UTERINE CYCLE

52
Q
  • involves maturation of oocyte
A

OVARIAN CYCLE

53
Q
  • changes in the endometrium
A

UTERINE CYCLE

54
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A
  1. Primordial follicle
  2. Primary follicle
  3. Secondary follicle
  4. Mature (graafian follicle)
55
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A
  1. The primordial follicle Consists of an oocytes surrounded by a single layer of flat granulosa cells
  2. A primordial follicle becomes a primary follicle as the granulosa cells become enlarged and cuboidal.
  3. The primary follicle enlarges. Granulosa cells form more than one layer of cells. The zona pellucida forms around the oocyte.
  4. A secondary follicle forms when fluid-filled vesicles (spaces) develop among the granulosa cells and a well-developed theca becomes apparent around granulosa cells.
  5. A mature follicle forms when the fluid-filled vesicles form a single antrum. When a follicle becomes fully mature, it is enlarged to its maximum size, a large antrum is present, and the oocyte is located in the cumulus cells
56
Q
  • Release of secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube
  • Usually during 14th day of a 28th day cycle
  • Follicles retained from mature graafian lead to minor bleeding called corpus hemorrhagicum and later transforms into corpus luteum
A

OVULATION

57
Q

PHASES OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

A

a. MENSTRUAL PHASE
B. PROLIFERATIVE ( Follicular ) PHASE
C. SECRETORY ( Luteal ) PHASE

58
Q
  • last for 3-5 days
  • 1st day of menstruation is 1st day of cycle
  • 50-150 ml of menstrual flow
  • decreased estrogen and progesterone level in the blood causes ischemia of functionalis leading to menstruation
A

MENSTRUAL PHASE

59
Q
  • Between menstruation and ovulation
  • More variable length
  • Dominant follicle is selected to mature
  • Estrogen and inhibin secreted by dominant follicle and stop FSH secretion to prevent other follicle to grow
  • Repair of endometrium
  • Cells of basalis form new functionalis
A

PROLIFERATIVE ( Follicular ) PHASE

60
Q
  • Constant phase last for 14 days
  • After ovulation….. LH stimulated remnants of mature graafian follicle to develop into … corpus luteum
  • Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen
  • In the Ovary ….. if the oocyte is fertilized …. corpus luteum can persistup to 2 weeks due to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin produced by placenta
  • If not fertilized …. corpus luteum degenerates in 10 to 12 days time…… forming corpus albicans
  • Endometrium thickens ….. and edema formation for preparation of implantation
A

SECRETORY ( Luteal ) PHASE

61
Q

Start of menstruation

A

MENARCHE

62
Q

No more menstruation

A

MENOPAUSE

63
Q

Absence of menstruation

A

AMENORRHEA

64
Q

Methods of Contraception

A
  • Rhythm method
  • Condom
  • Diaphragm or cap with spermicidal gel
  • Intrauterine device
  • Oral contraceptive Pills
  • Injectable… depo-provera… progesterone
  • Tubal ligation
65
Q

(Count the days where you are fertile)

A

Rhythm method

66
Q

(Inserted in the vaginal canal it would be preventing the entry of sperms and kill them)

A

Diaphragm or cap with spermicidal gel

67
Q

(preventing the entry of sperms)

A

Intrauterine device

68
Q

(preventing the fertilization)

A

Oral contraceptive Pills

69
Q

( (preventing the meet up on the ovulum since there will no ovulation)

A

Injectable… depo-provera… progesterone

70
Q

(cutting the tube, there will be no oocyte production)

A

Tubal ligation

71
Q

Pregnancy outside the uterus

A

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

72
Q

Placenta is not in the right position

A

PLACENTA PREVIA

73
Q

Development of cyst in the ovary

A

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME ( PCOS)

74
Q

Never back down never what?!!!

A

NEVER GIVE UP!

Anaphy finals (5 decks)

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