Male Reproductive System Flashcards
The branch of medicine that deals with male disorders, especially infertility and sexual dysfunction, is called
Andrology
where sperm cells develop; sperm cell factory
Seminiferous tubules
nourish sperm cells and release the hormone inhibin
Sustentacular or Sertoli cells
produce the sex hormone testosterone
Leydig cells or interstitial cells
passageway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine
Penis, specifically urethra
Contains the testes
Scrotum
connective tissue that seperates the testes
Septum
Contracts in cold temperatures; ausing the skin to become firm and wrinkled
Dartos muscle
Extensions of the internal oblique abdominis muscle into the scrotum; surrounds the testes so that they are pulled closer to the body, raising their temperature.
Cremaster muscle
Responsible for pulling testes coser to the body to raise the temperature
Cremaster muscle
Normal sperm production requires a temperature about ____ below core body temperature.
2 - 3 degree celcius
Part of penis that covers the structures below or inferiorly
Tunica albuginea
erectile tissue; contains of numerous blood sinuses or vascular spaces that are lined with endothelial cells
Corpora cavernosa
being pierced by the urethra
Corpus spongiosum
How many corpora cavernosa are there
2
Expansion of its blood sinuses under the influence of sexual excitation; causes the penis to stiffen
Erection
sympathetic reflex; release of semen (Seminal Fluid)
Ejaculation
Expanded distal end of corpus spongiosum (covers distal ends of corpora cavernosa)
Glans penis
traverses the corpus spongiosum
Penile/Spongy urethra
Paired oval glands
Testes
Weight of testes each
10 - 15 grams
Length of testes
5 cm
Diameter of testes
2.5 cm
Collection of serous fluid within the tunica vagialis caused by an inflammation that does not require treatment.
Hydrocele
remain dormant during childhood and they will be actively begin during adolescence
Spermatogonium
supporting cells; serve as blood testes barrier; very protective of the developing sperm cell
Sustentacular cell nucleus (Sertoli Cells)
generation of sperm cells
Spermatogenesis
Each day about _______ sperm complete the process of spermatogenesis
300 million
Length of sperm
60 um (microns)
Contains a nucleus with 23 highly condensed chromosome
Head of sperm
Covers the anterior 2/3 of the nucleus
Acrosome
Cuplike vesicle that is filled with enzymes that help the sperm penetrate a secondary oocyte to bring about fertilization
Acrosome
Longest portion of the tail of sperm
Principal piece
terminal portion of the sperm
End piece
Most sperms do not survive more than ___ hours within the female reproductive tract
48 hours
Hypothalamus secretes what hormone to stimulate the anterior pituitary
gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH)
hormone; It’s important to stimulate spermatogenisis; for spermatogenic cells
Follicles stimulating Hormones (FSH)
hormone that simulates secretion of testosterone from the leydig cells
Luteinizing Hormones (LH)
hormone; Very important for the production of male pattern development; secondary cells characteristics of the male
Dihydro-testosterone (DHT)
Very short ducts from the lumen of seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules
A network of ducts in the testis
Rete testis
Series of coiled ducts in the epididymis
Efferent ducts
continuation of the efferent duct where efferent ducts drain into
ductus epididymis
Pathway of sperm
Sperm → Seminiferous Tubules → Straight tubules → Rete Testis → Efferent Ducts → ductus epididiymis
kulang ‘to akshuali pero idk kung ano na ang sumunod amen
vas deferens and next then ejaculatory duct, penis (urethra), outside of the body
Site of sperm maturation; stores sperm
Epididymis
Any stored sperm that are not ejaculated are eventually reabsorbed here; sperms learn how to swim
Epididymis
structure from the epididymis toward the urethra by peristaltic contractions of its muscular coat; can also store sperm
Vas Deferens
Cutting the portion of vas deferens to avoid sperm cells getting out
Vasectomy
contents of spermatic cord
Ductus (vas) deferens
Testicular artery
pampiniform plexus
Autonomic nerves
Lymphatic vessels
Cremaster muscle
Swelling in the scrotum; dilation of the veins that drain the testes
variocele
Length of ejaculatory duct
2 cm
What ducts are united to form the ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicle duct and ampulla of ductus deferens
Eject sperm into the urethra
Ejaculatory duct
Shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary systems
Urethra
Subdivisions of urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous/Intermediate urethra
Spongy urethra
Length of prostatic urethra
2-3cm
Length of spongy urethra
15-20cm
Tip of spongy urethra
External urethral orifice
Seminal vesicle, type of secretion
Viscous fluid
65-70% contribution to seminal fluid
Seminal vesicle
pH of seminal vesicle secretion
alkaline, basic bitch
Contributes 20% to the formation of seminal fluid
Prostate
Secretion type of prostate
Milky
pH of Prostate secretion
6.5 pH, acidic (parang ikaw, amana kakakape ha)
Enumerate contents of prostate secretion
Citric acid
PSA (prostate specific antigen)
Acid phosphatase
Seminalplasmin – antibiotic that can destroy bacteria
Least contributed to the formation of seminal fluid
Bulbourathral Glands
Type of secretion of bulbourethral gland
Mucus
pH of bulbourethral gland secretion
alkaline, basic bitch
Why does the glands secrete alkaline fluid
To neutralize the acids from urine in the urethra
Bulbourethral gland contain sperm cells; T of F
False
Mixture of sperm and seminal fluid
Semen
Provides the fluid in which sperms are transported
Semen
Provides the fluid in which sperms are transported
Semen
pH of semen
slightly alkaline
Why is semen slightly alkaline
To neutralize the acidity of the male urethra and the vagina
