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AnaPhy Lec (FINALS) > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What component of the endocrine system secretes their product directly into the blood stream?

A

Endocrine glabds

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2
Q

Molecules that are
released from one location, move to another
location and produce a response; these
signals are your hormones

A

Chemical signal

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3
Q

Two types of chemical signal

A

Intracellular and Intercellular

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4
Q

Chemical signal; produce in one part of a cell
and moves to another part of the same cell;
one cell

A

Intracellular

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5
Q

Chemical signal; released from one cell and
binds to receptors on another cell; two or
more cells

A

Intercellular

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6
Q

Enumerate the 5 types of Intercellular signal

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Neurotransmitter and neuromodulators
Pheromones
Hormones and neurohormones

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7
Q

Intercellular; released by cells
and a have local effect on the same cell
type

A

Autocrine

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8
Q

Intercellular; released by cells that affect
other cell types in close proximity

A

Paracrine

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9
Q

Intercellular; secreted by nerve
cells

A

Neurotransmitter and
neuromodulators

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10
Q

Intercellular; secreted into the
environment and modify the behavior
and physiology of another individual in
the same species; it has a distinct
permanent smell

A

Pheromones

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11
Q

Intercellular; secreted into blood and bind to receptor sites

A

Hormones and neurohormones

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12
Q

Eicosanoids is an example of this

A

Autocrine and paracrine

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13
Q

Somatostatin is an example of this

A

Paracrine

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14
Q

Epinephrine and insulin are example of what?

A

Hormones (and neurohormones)

Epinephrine is also an example of neurotransmitter

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15
Q

a molecule that is released
in one part of the body but regulates
the activity of cells in other parts of the
body.

A

Hormone

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16
Q

location on a cell where
hormone binds (lock)

A

Receptor site

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17
Q

a group of cells that respond to
specific hormones

A

Target tissues

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18
Q

specific hormones bind to specific
receptor sites

A

Specificity

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19
Q

T or F; Hormones only bind in specific receptor sites

A

True

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20
Q

Where do hormones bind to lock?

A

Receptor site

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21
Q

Two types of hormones according to solubility

A

Water soluble
Lipid hormones/Lipid soluble

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22
Q

What type of hormone does not need a membrane-bound receptor upon entrance to semipermeable membrane?

A

Lipid soluble

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23
Q

T of F; Lipid-soluble hormones bind to cytoplasmic
receptors and travel to the nucleus or bind to
nuclear receptors.

A

T

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24
Q

tells the body when
homeostasis is reached (to stimulate or inhibit
hormones)

A

Negative Feedback

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25
Q

excessive levels of hormones in the
blood stream cause decreased secretion

A

Negative Feedback

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26
Q

increase the secretion due to low
hormones

A

Positive Feedback

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27
Q

T or F; Lipid Soluble Hormones bind to Membrane-Bound Receptors

A

F (They bind to Nuclear Receptors; they don’t need the Membrane-Bound)

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28
Q

What type of hormones need membrane-bound receptors

A

Water soluble hormones

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29
Q

Called the master gland

A

Pituitary gland

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30
Q

What controls the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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31
Q

What bone protects the pituitary gland

A

Sphenoid bone

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32
Q

T or F; pineal gland is anterior to pituitary gland

A

F

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33
Q

2 regions of pituitary gland

A

Anterior and Posterior

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34
Q

3 ways to secrete hormone

A
  • direct control
  • indirect control
  • direct release of hormones
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35
Q

Enumerate the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

A

Human Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (Thyrotropin)
Luteinizing Hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prolactin

Lab discussion (may additional hormones na nabanggit dun idk)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Corticotropin)
Melanocyte-stimulting Hormone

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36
Q

What hormone stimulates growth of bones, muscles, and organs

A

Growth Hormone

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37
Q

Target tissues of growth hormone

A

Most

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38
Q

Target tissue of TSH

A

Thyroid gland

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39
Q

What hormone regulates thyroid gland secretions

A

TSH

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40
Q

What happens when there’s too much TSH

A

Thyroid gland enlarges

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41
Q

What happens when there’s too little TSH

A

Thyroid gland shrinks

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42
Q

3 gonadotropin hormones for females secreted by the anterior pituitary

A

LH
FSH
Prolactin

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43
Q

Gonadotropin that promotes ovulation and progesterone
production

A

LH for females

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44
Q

Gonadotropin that promotes follicle maturation and estrogen
secretion

A

FSH for females

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45
Q

Gonadotropin that promote milk production

A

Prolactin

46
Q

Target tissues of LH in female

A

Ovaries

47
Q

Target tissues of FSH in females

A

Follices in ovaries

48
Q

LH for males target tissue

A

Testes

49
Q

FSH for males target tissues

A

Seminiferous tubules

50
Q

Gonadotropin that promotes sperm production and testosterone

A

LH for males

51
Q

Gonadotropin that promotes sperm producton

A

FSH for males

52
Q

Target tissues of prolactin

A

Mammary glands and overies

53
Q

Hormones that posterior pituitaty gland secretes

A

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) o Vasopressin

54
Q

Target tissues of ADH

A

kidneys

55
Q

Function of ADH

A

Conserve water

56
Q

Target tissue of oxytocin

A

Uterus (ANALAB says it’s uterus and mammary glands)

57
Q

Hormone that increases uterine contractions during child labor

A

Oxytocin

58
Q

Responsible for milk ejection

A

Oxytocin

59
Q

Four parts of thyroid gland

A

Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland
Right lateral lobe of thyroid gland
Left lateral lobe of thyroid gland
Isthmus of thyroid gland

60
Q

2 types of hormones secreted by the thyroid gland (ANALAB)

A

T3 (Triiodothyronine) & T4 (Thyroxine)
Calcitonin

61
Q

Thyroid gland required ______ to function

A

Iodine

62
Q

Regulates metabolic rates and
is needed for growth

A

Thyroid hormone

63
Q

Iodine-containing hormone secreted by thyroid follicle

A

Thyroxine (T4)

64
Q

Iodine-containing hormone that required conversion
of T4 at target tissues

A

Triidothyronine

65
Q

Two common abnormalities relating to thyroid gland

A

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism

66
Q

● Decreased
metabolism
● Weight gain,
reduced
appetite, fatigue
● Low temp. and
pulse
● Dry, cold skin

A

Hypothyroidsm

67
Q

What is hypothyroidism called in adults

A

Myxedema

68
Q

What is hypothyroidism called in infants

A

Cretinism

69
Q

● Increased
metabolism
● Weight loss,
increased
appetite,
nervousness
● Higher temp.
and pulse
● Warm, flushed
skin

A

Hyperthyroidism

70
Q

What hormone is secreted when blood Ca2+
levels are high or elevated

A

Calcitonin

71
Q

Target tissue of calcitonin

A

Bone

72
Q

What hormone is antagonistic to calcitonin

A

Parathyroid hormone (increases calcium)

73
Q

What are the target tissues of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Bone and kidney

74
Q

regulates blood Ca2+ levels (more
than calcitonin)
stimulates osteoclasts to remove CA from bone
stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb
more calcium

A

PTH

75
Q

2 regions of adrenal gland

A

Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla

76
Q

Which region of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine/norepinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla

77
Q

Hormone released as part of fight or
flight response

A

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

78
Q

Target tissues of epinephrine/norepinephrine

A

heart, blood vessels,
liver, fat cell

79
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Androgens

80
Q

Hormone directly involved in blood pressure and
volume regulation

A

Aldosterone

81
Q

Hormone that causes Na+ and H2O to be
retained and K+ to be secreted

A

Aldosterone

82
Q

Target tissue of aldosterone

A

Kidneys

83
Q

▪ increases breakdown of fat and
protein for energy uses
▪ reduces inflammatory and
immune responses

A

Cortisol

84
Q

Target tissues of cortisol

A

fat, protein and muscle

85
Q

Functions:
Males: secondary sexual characteristics
Females: sex drive

A

Andorgens

86
Q

Target tissues of Androgens

A

Most

87
Q

Hormones that the pancreas secrete

A

Insulin
Glucagon

Somatostatin
Pancreatic Polypeptide

88
Q

What cells secrete insulin

A

Beta cells of Pancreatic Islets

89
Q

What cells secrete glucagon

A

Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans

90
Q

extra glucose is stored in the
form of ________

A

glycogen teh

91
Q

Target tissues of insulin

A

Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue

92
Q

When glucose levels are high, what is secreted

A

Insulin madam

93
Q

Target tissue of glucagon

A

Liver

94
Q

When glucose levels are low, what is secreted

A

Glucagon

95
Q

Term for glycogen being broken down

A

Glycogenolysis eyyy

96
Q

Type of diabetes mellitus; Insulin dependent; daily injections required

A

Type I

97
Q

Type of diabetes mellitus; nsulin independent, often found in obese
people can be treated with diet and treated with
hypoglycemic agents

A

Type kita EYYYYYYYYYYYY

Type II teh

98
Q

Hormone that Testes produce

A

Testosterone

99
Q

aids in sperm and
reproductive organ development and
function

A

Testosterone

100
Q

▪ responsible for adult male
secondary sex characterisics
▪ promotes grown and maturation
of male reproductive system
▪ required for sperm cell
production

A

Testosterone

101
Q

Hormones ovaries secrete

A

Estrogen and progesterone

102
Q

What specifically produces estrogen

A

Graafian follices or placenta

103
Q

stimulates the development of secondary female reproductive organs; prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg

A

Estrogen

104
Q

What specifically produces progesterone

A

Corpus luteum (found in ovaries)

105
Q

acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle; helps in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus

A

Progesterone

106
Q

Located posterior to the sternum; largest in infants and children

A

Thymus gland

107
Q

What hormone is secreted by the thymus gland

A

Thymosin

108
Q

Target tissues of thymosin

A

Immune system tissues

109
Q

Hormone that promotes immune system development and function

A

Thymosin

110
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland secretes

A

Melatonin

111
Q

Target tissue of melatonin

A

Hypothalamus

112
Q

Hormone that plays a role in the onset of puberty controls; cicardian rhythms light affects it functional; sleep wake cyle

A

Melatonin

AnaPhy Lec (FINALS) (5 decks)

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