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Physiology II Final > Male Reproductive Physiology (Lec 20) > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Physiology (Lec 20) Flashcards

1
Q

In regards to spermatogenesis, pimordial germ cells migrate into future testes and become ____

A

spermatogonia

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2
Q

In regards to spermatogenesis, spermatogonia begin mitotic division at puberty and become ___ ___

A

primary spermatocytes

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3
Q

In regards to spermatogenesis, primary spermatocytes complete the first half of meiosis and become ___ ___

A

secondary spermatocytes

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4
Q

In regards to spermatogenesis, secondary spermatocytes complete the second half of meiosis and become ____

A

spermatids

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5
Q

In regards to spermatogenesis, spermatids undergo differentation to become ___

A

sperm

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6
Q

Where are Sertoli cells located?

A

within the seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

____ cells act as nurse cells that surround primary spermatocytes and “nurse” them through the process of spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis

A

Sertoli

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8
Q

Sertoli cells form estrogens from what?

A

testosterone

note: thought to be important for spermiogenesis

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9
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, roacrosomal vesicles coalesce to form ____ which contains hyaluronidase and proteolytic enzymes

A

acrosome

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10
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, the acrosome caps what?

A

nucleus

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11
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, ____ migrate to side of nucleus opposite of acrosome

A

centrioles

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12
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, distal centriole begins to organize ____

A

flagellum

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13
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, mitochondria move to base of forming flagellum and do what?

A

wrap around it

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14
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, what happens to excess cytoplasm?

A

it sloughs off and forms residual body

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15
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, sperm cells are stored in ___ until ejaculated

A

epididymis

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16
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, sperm cells must remain in epididymis for a minimum of ___ to ___ hours in order to gain motility

A

18 - 24

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17
Q

In regards to spermiogenesis, passage through the epididymis takes how long?

A

several days

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18
Q

Name the following cell:

found in interstitial spaces in testes; secrete testosterone; stimulated by luteinizing hormone secreted by AP

A

cells of leydig

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19
Q

Each seminal vesicle is a located tube lined with what?

A

secretory epithelium

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20
Q

Seminal vesicles secrete a mucoid material that contains what?

A

fructose, citric acid, additional nutrients, prostaglandins, fibrinogen

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21
Q

During emission and ejaculation, the contents of seminal vesicles are emptied into ejaculatory ducts containing what? What percentage of total volume of the semen?

A

sperm; 60%

22
Q

Fructose provides energy for sperm. True or false?

A

true

23
Q

____ make cervical mucous more receptive to sperm movement and may cause retro-peristaltic contractions of uterus and fallopian tubes

A

prostaglandins

24
Q

The prostate gland is responsible for what percentage of the total amount of semen?

A

30%

25
Q

Describe the fluid produced by the prostate gland

A

milky; contains calcium, citrate ions, phosphate ions, clotting enzyme, and profibrinolysin

26
Q

True or false?

The prostate gland produces slightly acidic fluid

A

false; alkaline

note: may help to neutralize acidity of other seminal fluids

27
Q

Any steroid hormone that has masculinizing effects is considered an ___

A

androgen

28
Q

Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione are all considered what?

A

androgens

29
Q

Where are androgens synthesized and what are the synthesized from?

A

testes & adrenal glands; cholesterol & acetyl-coA

30
Q

Testosterone is formed by interstitial cells of ___

A

leydig

31
Q

Testosterone is formed by interstitial cells of ___

A

leydig

32
Q

After secretion, 97% of testosterone is loosely bound with ___ or tightly bound with __ ___

A

albumin; beta globulin

33
Q

Testosterone, after secretion, circulates in blood for how long?

A

30 min to several hours

34
Q

Testosterone that enters tissues is mostly converted to ____, especially in prostate and in fetal external genitalia

A

dihyrotestosterone

35
Q

Testosterone that is not fixed in tissues is converted in liver to what?

A

androsterone and dehydroepiandrosterone

36
Q

Testosterone that is not fixed in tissues is conjugated as either ___ or ___

A

glucoronides or sulfates

37
Q

Testosterone that is not fixed in tissues is excreted into gut via __ or ___ via kidneys

A

bile or urine

38
Q

True or false? One of the functions of testosterone is responsible for male hair pattern growth

A

true

note: associated with baldness

39
Q

Testosterone is responsible for hypertrophy of ___

A

larynx

40
Q

Testosterone is responsible for increased skin ___ and secretion rate of ___ glands

A

thickness; sebaceous

41
Q

Testosterone is responsible for increased BMR and hematocrit. True or false?

A

true

42
Q

Testosterone ___ reabsorption of sodium in distal kidney tubules

A

increases

43
Q

Testosterone ___ reabsorption of sodium in distal kidney tubules

A

increases

44
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is produced by neurons located in ___ nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

arcuate

45
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is transported to AP via what system?

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal

46
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates AP to produce __ and __

A

LH and FSH

47
Q

LH is a glycoprotein that activates cAMP second messenger system in target tissue. True or false?

A

true

48
Q

LH causes ___ cells to secrete testosterone

A

leydig

note: testosterone has negative feedback effect on hypothalamus

49
Q

Inhibin is secreted by ___ cells

A

Sertoli

50
Q

Inhibin inhibits secretion of __ by AP

A

FSH

Physiology II Final (5 decks)

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