Female Reproductive Physiology (Lec 21)

Question 1

In regards to oogenesis, primordial germ cells develop from ___ epithelium. They migrate into the future ovaries and become ___

Answer 1

germinal; oogonia

Question 2

In regards to oogenesis, oogonia are surrounded by a single layer of ___ ___ cells

Answer 2

nongerminal granulosa

Question 3

The oogonium plus granolas cells is called a ____ ___. The ovum is a primary ___

Answer 3

primordial follicle; oocyte

Question 4

The primary oocyte begins the process of meiosis. It becomes arrested where at in the process?

Answer 4

during the diplotene stage of prophase I

Question 5

All primary oocytes are arrested during the diplotene stage of meiosis I during embryonic development. True or false?

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Most of the primary oocytes will become ___ before birth

Answer 6

atretic

Question 7

After birth, only about ____ primary oocytes remain out of an initial number of oogonia cells of about 7 million

Answer 7

500,000

Question 8

Beginning at puberty, one of these primary oocytes will complete the first stage of meiosis to become what?

Answer 8

a secondary oocyte + polar body

Question 9

Secondary ooctyes complete the second half of meiosis and become what?

Answer 9

ootid + polar body

Question 10

Fertilization occurs at the second ____ stage of oogenesis.

Answer 10

metaphase

Question 11

Days 5-14 = follicular growth
Day 14 = ovulation
Days 14-23 = development of corpus lute
Days 24-28 = regression of corpus luteum

the following describes Ovarian or uterine phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

ovarian

Question 12

Describe the uterine phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 12

Day 1-5 = menstruation
Day 4-14 = proliferation
Days 14-28 = secretion

Question 13

Describe the uterine phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 13

Day 1-5 = menstruation
Day 4-14 = proliferation
Days 14-28 = secretion

Question 14

GnRH is secreted in short pulses averaging once every __ minutes

Answer 14

90

Question 15

AP sex hormones = __ & ___

Answer 15

FSH; LH

Question 16

Ovarian hormones = ___ & ___

Answer 16

estrogen; progesterone

Question 17

True or false?

AP sex hormones are secreted throughout childhood

Answer 17

false

Question 18

AP sex hormones are small glycoproteins with MW of about ____

Answer 18

30,000

Question 19

Signal transduction of AP sex hormones involves cAMP second messenger system in most instances leading to formation of protein ___ and multiple ____

Answer 19

kinases; phosphorylations

Question 20

In regards to Ovarian hormones, primordial follicles are surrounded by single layers of __ cells

Answer 20

granulosa

Question 21

Throughout childhood, granolas cells provide nourishment for the ___ and secrete ___ ___ factor that keeps ovum suspended in its primordial state

Answer 21

ovum; oocyte maturation-inhibiting

Question 22

Throughout childhood, granolas cells provide nourishment for the ___ and secrete ___ ___ factor that keeps ovum suspended in its primordial state

Answer 22

ovum; oocyte maturation-inhibiting

Question 23

During the menstrual cycle, there are changes in the ovary. The first stage of follicular growth is moderate enlargement of the ovum itself, which increases in diameter ___ to ___ x

Answer 23

2-3

Question 24

In regards to changes in the ovary, after the ovum has enlarged, growth of additional layers of ___ cells in ___ follicles occurs

Answer 24

granulosa; secondary

Question 25

In regards to changes in the ovary, after the ovum has enlarged, growth of additional layers of ___ cells in ___ follicles occurs

Answer 25

granulosa; secondary

Question 26

Concentrations of both FSH and LH ___ slightly during the first few days of menstrual cycle

Answer 26

increase

Question 27

Spindle shaped cells around follicles form multiple layers around each follicle called what?

Answer 27

theca

Question 28

Early growth of follicle in the menstrual cycle is stimulated mostly by ___

Answer 28

FSH

Question 29

In the theca interna, cells become epithelioid and develop the ability to secrete ___ and ___

Answer 29

estrogen and progesterone

Question 30

The theca externa will bemuse the ___ ___ of the developing follicle

Answer 30

proective capsule

Question 31

Granolas cells secrete a follicular fluid containing a high concentration of ___ which causes an ___ to appear

Answer 31

estrogen; antrum

Question 32

Granolas cells secrete a follicular fluid containing a high concentration of ___ which causes an ___ to appear

Answer 32

estrogen; antrum

Question 33

In regards to changes in the uterus, the proliferative stage occurs before ovulation. True or false?

Answer 33

true

Question 34

In regards to changes in the uterus, in the proliferative stage, most of the endometrium has been ___ at beginning of phase

Answer 34

desquamated

Question 35

In regards to changes in the uterus, in the proliferative stage, most of the endometrium has been ___ at beginning of phase

Answer 35

desquamated

Question 36

In regards to changes in the uterus, in the proliferative stage, the only epithelial cells left are those in the deeper portions of the ___ and ___

Answer 36

glands and crypts

Question 37

In regards to changes in the uterus, in the proliferative stage, ___ causes stromal and epithelial cells to rapidly proliferate

Answer 37

estrogen

Question 38

In regards to changes in the uterus, in the proliferative stage, endometrial surface is re-epithelialized within ___ - ___ days after the beginning of menstruation

Answer 38

4-7

Question 39

In regards to changes in the uterus, in the secretory stage progesterone causes what?

Answer 39

marked swelling and secretory development of the endometrium

Question 40

In regards to changes in the uterus, in the secretory stage, glands increase in ____

Answer 40

tortuosity

Question 41

In regards to changes in the uterus, during menstruation, if ovum is not fertilized, the corpus lute suddenly involutes about __ days before the end of the cycle and decreases secretion level

Answer 41

2

Question 42

Reduction in estrogens and progesterones causes menstruation. True or false?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

In regards to changes in the uterus, ___ hours before the beginning of the onset of menstruation, tortuous blood vessels leading to the mucosal layers become vasopastic, leading to necrosis of the endometrium

Answer 43

24