Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology II Final > Autonomic Nervous System (Lec 19) > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System (Lec 19) Flashcards

1
Q

The ANS can change visceral function rapidly and intensely. Heart rate can be increased to twice normal within ___ to ___ seconds.

A

3-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ANS can change visceral function rapidly and intensely. Arterial pressure can be doubled within ___ to __ seconds

A

10-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located where?

A

within CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are preganglionic axons myelinated?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pregnalgionic NT?

A

ACH for both parasympathetics and sympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are postganglionic neuron cell bodies located?

A

peripheral ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are postganglionic axons myelinated?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the postganglionic NTs?

A

parasympathetics - ACH

sympathetics - Norepinepherine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Terminal ends of ANS fibers usually have enlarged ___ where NT and large numbers of _____ are stored

A

varicosities; mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In regards to the physiologic anatomy of the sympathetic system, the cell body of each sympathetic preganglionic neuron lies in the _____ horn of the spinal cord

A

intermediolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In regards to the physiologic anatomy of the sympathetic system, preganglionic fiber can synapse with postganglionic neurons upward or downward in the ____ ___

A

paravertebral chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In regards to the physiologic anatomy of the sympathetic system, preganglionic fiber can pass for variable distances through the chain and then through one of the sympathetic nerves to synapse in a what?

A

peripheral sympathetic ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The following describe what fibers:
pass through the gray rami; are C fibers; make up about 8 percent of fibers in the average nerve; control blood vessels; sweat glands, piloerector muscles

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lateral horns are output source for what?

A

sympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What lies against neck of ribs and costovertebral junctions; has 12 thoracic ganglia pairs; and has cervical ganglia?

A

thoracic sympathetic chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The first thoracic ganglia pair is often fused with what?

A

inferior cervical ganglion

note: referred to as stellate ganglion collectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The preganglionic sympathetic supply to the thoracic viscera are from what region of vertebrae? How do they exit?

A

T1-5; exit as direct fibers and travel downwards to enter the thorax as cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false?

The cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves travel on their own and do not accompany other nerves or vessels.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves?

A

coronary artery dilation; increase heart rate; bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Splanchnic nerves are composed of what fibers?

A

preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do splanchnic nerves supply?

A

abdominal viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do splanchnic nerves synapse?

A

in prevertebral ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the splanchnic nerve:

T5-T9; synapses in celiac ganglion

A

greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name the splanchnic nerve:

T10-11; synapses in the superior mesenteric ganglion

A

lesser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name the splanchnic nerve:

T12; synapses in the aorticorenal ganglion

A

least

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The following structure is stimulated by the sympathetic system and secretes 80% epinephrine and 20% norepinephrine

A

adrenal medullae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The hormones secreted by the adrenal medullae last __ to __ times longer than NT versions

A

5-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the effects of the circulating norepinephrine that is secreted by adrenal medullae

A

constricts most of blood vessels in body; increases heart activity; inhibits GI tract; dilates pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The secretory cells of the adrenal medulla are what type of neurons?

A

postganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

____ fibers of the adrenal medulla are responsible for secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

rudimentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the effects of circulating epinephrine that is secreted by adrenal medullae

A

raises arterial pressure to a lesser extent than norepinephrine; increases cardiac output more than norepinephrine; has a 5-10 times as great effect on metabolism as norepinephrine; can increase metabolic rate of whole body by as much as 100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The following are affects of what response?
Increased arterial pressure, rerouting of blood flow to active muscles, increased rates in cellular metabolism, increased blood glucose concentration, increased glycolysis in liver and muscle, increased muscle strength, increased mental activity, increased blood coagulation rate

A

alarm or stress response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In regards to physiologic anatomy of the parasympathetic system, about ___ % of all parasympathetic fibers are in the ___ nerve

A

75; vagus

34
Q

In regards to physiologic anatomy of the parasympathetic system, most preganglionic fibers pass all the way to what?

A

the organ that is to be innervated

35
Q

In regards to physiologic anatomy of the parasympathetic system, postgalngionic parasympathetic fibers are located where? and use what NT?

A

located in wall of organ; use Ach

36
Q

Name the parasympathetic cranial nerves

A

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

37
Q

The following is a function of what nerve:

supplies four of the six extrinsic muscles of the eye and the levator palpebral superioris

A

occulomotor

38
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, Where do the preganglionics of the oculomotor nerve travel?

A

from edinger-westphal nucleus to the ciliary ganglion

39
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, where do the postganglionics of the oculomotor nerve travel?

A

from the ciliary ganglion to the sphincter papillae muscle

40
Q

The following is a function of what nerve:

primary motor to muscles of facial expression; carries sensation of taste from anterior two-thirds of the tongue

A

facial nerve

41
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, where do the preganglionics of the facial nerve travel?

A

from superior salivary and lacrimal nuclei to submandibular/sublingual ganglia

42
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, where do postganglionics of the facial nerve travel?

A

to lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, and mucous glands of mouth and nose

43
Q

The following is a function of what nerve:

carries general sensation and sensation of taste from posterior one-third of tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

44
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, where do preganglionics of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

A

from inferior salivary nucleus to otic ganglion

45
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, where do postganglionics of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

A

to parotid gland

46
Q

The following is a function of what nerve:

motor supply to muscles of the fourth and fifth pharyngeal arches and is important in swallowing and speaking

A

vagus nerve

47
Q

True or false?

The vagus nerve is the major sympathetic supply to thoracic and abdominal organs

A

true

48
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, where do preganglionics of the vagus nerve travel?

A

from dorsal motor nucleus

49
Q

In regards to parasympathetic function, where do postganglionics of the vagus nerve travel?

A

myenteric plexus of wall of gut tube all the way to the left colic flexure

50
Q

The vagus nerve runs parallel to what structure in body?

A

esophagus

note: also innervates esophagus

51
Q

The vagus nerve passes ___ to root of lung on each side and pierces ___ with esophagus, where it becomes the ___ nerve

A

posterior; diaphragm; gastric

52
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve from left vagus travel?

A

hooks around arc of aorta to left of ligament arteriosum

53
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve from right vagus arise?

A

in neck

54
Q

What is the enzyme used in the following reaction:

Acetyl-CoA + Choline -> acetylcholine

A

choline acetyl-transferase

55
Q

What is the enzyme used in the following reaction:

Acetylcholine –> choline + acetate ion

A

acetylcholinesterase

56
Q

List the series of events in norepinephrine synthesis

A

hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa; decarboxylation of dopa to dopamine; transport of dopamine into vesicles; hydroxylation of dopamine to norepinephrine

57
Q

In regards to removal of norepinephrine, destruction by monamine oxidase is found where?

A

nerve endings

58
Q

In regards to removal of norepinephrine, destruction by catechol-O-methyl transferase is present where?

A

all tissues

59
Q

When norepinephrine is secreted into tissues is active for how long? when it is secreted into blood?

A 
tissue = few seconds
blood = remains active until destroyed by COMT
60
Q

What type of acetylcholine receptor utilizes poison from toadstools and is found on all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic neurons?

A

muscarinic

61
Q

What type of acetylcholine receptor is found in autonomic ganglia at synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons and is present in neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscles

A

nicotinic

62
Q

In regards to adrenergic receptors, norepinephrine excites mainly ___ receptors but also ___ receptors to a lesser extent

A

alpha; beta

63
Q

True or false?

epinephrine excites beta receptors more than alpha receptors (adrenergic)

A

false; excites both equally

64
Q

What receptors are associated with the following:
vasoconstriction; iris dilation; intestinal relaxation; intestinal sphincter contraction; pilomotor contraction; bladder sphincter contraction; inhibition of NT release

A

alpha adrenergic receptors

65
Q

What receptors are associated with the following:

cardioacceleration; increased myocardial strength; lipolysis

A

beta1 adrenergic receptors

66
Q

What receptors are associated with the following:
vasodilation; intestinal relaxation; uterus relaxation; bronchodilation; calorigenesis; glycogenolysis; bladder wall relaxation

A

beta2 adrenergic receptors

67
Q

What receptor is associated with thermogenesis?

A

beta3 adrenergic receptors

68
Q

Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug associated with what receptor?

A

alpha

69
Q

Isoproterenol is a sympathomimetic drug associated with what receptor?

A

beta

70
Q

Albuterol is a sympathomimetic drug associated with what receptor?

A

beta2

71
Q

What is ephedrine prescribed for?

note: it is a drug that causes release of norepinephrine

A

decongestant and bronchodilator

72
Q

What is amphetamine used to treat?

A

ADHD (CNS stimulant)

73
Q

Reserpine blocks synthesis and storage of what?

A

norepinephrine

74
Q

Guanethidine blocks release of what?

A

norepinephrine

75
Q

Phenoxybenzamine/phentolamine blocks what receptors?

A

sympathetic alpha receptors

76
Q

Propanolol blocks what receptors?

A

sympathetic beta1 and beta2 receptors

77
Q

Metroprolol blocks what receptors?

A

sympathetic beta1 receptors

78
Q

Hexamethonium blocks transmission through what?

A

autonomic ganglia

79
Q

Parasympathomimimetic drugs act directly on what receptors?

A

muscarinic

80
Q

In regards to ANS stimulation; what are sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on eyes?

A

sympathetic: pupil dilation
parasympathetic: pupil constriction, lens focusing

81
Q

In regards to ANS stimulation; what are sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on arterial pressure?

A

sympathetic: results in acute increase in arterial pressure but little effect long term
parasympathetic: decreases pumping of heart but little effect on blood pressure

82
Q

In regards to ANS stimulation; what are sympathetic and parasympathetic effects in endodermal structures?

A

sympathetic: inhibits most of endodermal structures
parasympathetic: excites most of endodermal structures

Physiology II Final (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions