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Reproductive System > Male Repro Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Repro Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the fibrous capsule surrounding the testis?

A

Tunica albuginea

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2
Q

What is the name of the external covering of the testis? What are the two layers of this covering?

A

Tunica vaginalis

  • parietal layer
  • visceral layer
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3
Q

What are the functions of the epididymis?

A

Accumulation, storage and maturation of spermatozoa

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4
Q

What name is given to the microvilli in the epididymis epithelium?

A

Stercocelia

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5
Q

What forms the septa that separate the lobules in the testes?

A

Invaginations of tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Where are spermatozoa produced?

A

Seminiferous tubules of the testes

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7
Q

What cells make up the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells; tall simple columnar cells, which span from the basement membrane to the lumen. They form pockets around the proliferating and differentiating germ cells. They are connected by tight junctions.

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8
Q

What cells are present in the interstitium between seminiferous tubules?

A

Leydig cells; form blood-testis barrier and produce testicular fluid

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9
Q

Describe the innervation of the testes

A

Innervated by the testicular plexus; derivative of renal and aortic plexi, contain autonomic and sensory fibres

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10
Q

At which vertebral level do the testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?

A

L2

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11
Q

From what are the testicular veins derived?

A

The pampiniform plexus of the scrotum

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12
Q

Where do the testicular veins drain?

A

Left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein

Right testicular vein drains into the IVC

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13
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the testes

A

Testes and epididymis drain into lumbar and para-aortic nodes at L1
Scrotum drains into the superficial inguinal nodes

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14
Q

What is the role of the pampiniform venous plexus?

A

Thermoregulation of the testes

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15
Q

Describe the muscular layers of the ductus deferens

A
  1. Inner longitudinal muscle layer
  2. Middle circular muscle layer
  3. Outer longitudinal muscle layer
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16
Q

What is the role of the seminal vesicles?

A

Produce seminal fluid; makes up a large proportion of semen.

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17
Q

Give four constituents of seminal fluid

A

Alkaline fluid
Fructose
Prostaglandins
Clotting factors

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18
Q

What sort of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles?

A

Pseudostratified tall columnar epithelium

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19
Q

Which arteries supply the seminal vesicles?

A

Inferior vesical artery
Internal pudendal artery
Middle rectal artery

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20
Q

Describe the internal structure of seminal vesicles

A

Honeycombed, lobular structure

21
Q

What are corpora amylacea?

A

Thickened prostatic fluid that accumulates in the glands of the prostate, particularly in older men

22
Q

What is the function of the prostate?

A

Secretes citric acid and proteolytic enzymes into the semen

23
Q

Which part of the prostate encloses the ejaculatory duct?

A

Central zone of the prostate

24
Q

Which zone of the prostate encloses the prostatic urethra?

A

Transitional zone

25
Q

What group of nerves innervates the prostate?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

26
Q

Describe the blood supply to the prostate

A

Prostatic arteries

Prostatic venous plexus

27
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

A

Produce mucus which acts as lubrication during sexual arousal

28
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located?

A

Posterolateral to the membranous urethra, superior to the bulb of the penis

29
Q

Where do the ducts of the bulbourethral glands open?

A

Into the proximal portion of the spongy urethra

30
Q

Describe the innervation of the bulbourethral glands

A

SYmpathetic innervation from the prostatic plexus

31
Q

Describe the histology of the bulbourethral glands

A

Compound tubulo-alveolar glands, lined by columnar epithelium

32
Q

What type of epithelium lines the urethra?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

33
Q

How long is the male urethra?

A

15-20cm

34
Q

What are the four anatomical parts of the male urethra?

A

Pre-prostatic (intramural)
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

35
Q

Which structures does the membranous urethra pass through?

A

Pelvic floor

Deep perineal pouch

36
Q

Which muscle surrounds the membranous urethra?

A

External anal sphincter

37
Q

What are the three anatomical parts of the penis?

A

Root (most proximal)
Body
Glans (most distal)

38
Q

What names are given to the erectile tissues present in the root of the penis?

A 
Two crura (part of the corpa cavernosa)
Bulb of penis (part of the corpus spongiosum)
39
Q

Which two muscles make up part of the root of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus

Bulbospongiosus

40
Q

What names are given to the erectile tissues of the body of the penis?

A 
Two corpa cavernosa (continuation of the crura)
Corpus spongiosum (continuation of the bulb of the penis)
41
Q

Which part of the penis contains the spongy urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum

42
Q

Which erectile tissue forms the glans?

A

Corpus spongiosum (distal part)

43
Q

Which two ligaments support the penis?

A

Suspensory ligament

Fundiform ligament

44
Q

Which spinal nerve roots innervate the penis?

A

S2-S4

45
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory and sympathetic innervation to the penis?

A

dorsal nerve of the penis

46
Q

Which nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the penis? What is the outcome of this parasympathetic excitation?

A

Prostatic nerve plexus

Erection

47
Q

Which arteries supply the penis? From which artery do these arise?

A

Dorsal arteries of the penis
Deep arteries of the penis
Bulbourethral artery
(All are branches of the internal pudendal nerve)

48
Q

Which veins drain the penis? Where do they drain?

A

Deep dorsal vein of penis
Superficial dorsal veins
(All drain into the prostatic venous plexus)

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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