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Reproductive System > Female Repro Anatomy > Flashcards

Female Repro Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium lines the surface of the ovaries?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium)

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2
Q

Which part of the ovary contains neurovascular structures?

A

Medulla

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3
Q

Which part of the ovary contains ovarian follicles?

A

Cortex

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4
Q

What is a follicle?

A

An oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells

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5
Q

Which ligament connects the ovarian mesovarium to the pelvic wall?

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

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6
Q

Which ligament of the ovary contains its neurovascular structures?

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

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7
Q

Which ligament connects the ovary to the fundus of the uterus?

A

Ligament of the ovary

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8
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

Remnant of the gubernaculum

Continuation of the ligament of the ovary

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9
Q

Describe the innervation of the ovary

A

Sympathetic innervation: ovarian plexus

Parasympathetic innervation: uterine plexus

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10
Q

At what vertebral level do the ovarian arteries branch off the abdominal aorta?

A

L2

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11
Q

Where do the ovarian veins drain?

A

Left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein

Right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava

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12
Q

Where doe lymph from the ovaries drain?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

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13
Q

Which part of the fallopian tube is narrowest?

A

Isthmus

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14
Q

In which part of the fallopian tube does fertilisation usually occur?

A

Ampulla

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15
Q

List the four parts of the fallopian tube

A

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbrae

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16
Q

Describe the histology of the fallopian tubes

A

Inner mucosa: celiated columnar epithelium, also contains peg cells
Smooth muscle layer

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17
Q

What are peg cells?

A

Non-celiated secretory cells in the mucosa of the fallopian tubes

18
Q

What nerve roots supply sensory afferents to the fallopian tube?

A

T11-L1

19
Q

Where does lymph from the fallopian tubes drain?

A

Iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes

20
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus?

A

Anteflexed and anteverted

21
Q

List the three histological layers of the uterus

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium (smooth muscle)
Endometrium (mucus membrane)

22
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

A

Deep: Stratum basalis
Superficial: Stratum functionalis

23
Q

Which layer of the uterus proliferates in response to oestrogens and shed during menstruation?

A

Stratum functionalis of the endometrium

24
Q

List four ligaments of the uterus

A

Broad ligament
Round ligament
Cardinal ligament
Uterosacral ligament

25
Q

Describe the innervation of the uterus

A

Sympathetic: inferior hypogastric plexus
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4
Sensory afferents: inferior hypogastric plexus T10-L1

26
Q

What is the nerve root(s) of the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

T10-L1

27
Q

What is the main function of the cervix (other than connecting the uterus to the vagina)?

A

Maintains sterility of the upper female reproductive tract

28
Q

What type of epithelium lines the cervical canal?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

29
Q

What type of epithelium covers the ectocervix?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

30
Q

To which lymph nodes do the uterus and cervix drain?

A

Iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes

31
Q

What are the four histological layers of the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria (elastic tissue)
Fibromuscular layer (inner circular muscle, outer longitudinal muscle)
Adventitia (fibrous outer layer)

32
Q

Describe the innervation of the superior vagina

A

Autonomic innervation via the uterovaginal plexus, derived from the inferior hypogastric plexus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

33
Q

Describe the innervation of the inferior vagina

A

Somatic innervation via the deep perineal nerve (branch of the pudendal nerve)

34
Q

Where does lymph from the vagina drain to?

A

Iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes

35
Q

List the structures which make up the vulva

A 
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
Urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Bartholin's glands
Fourchette
36
Q

Where are Bartholin’s glands located and what is their function?

A

Located either side of the vaginal orifice

Secrete lubricating mucous during sexual arousal

37
Q

List three functions of the vulva

A

Sensation during sexual intercourse
Assist in micturition; direct flow of urine
Helps protect the internal reproductive tract against infection

38
Q

Describe the innervation of the vulva

A

Sensory

  • anterior vulva innervated by ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves
  • posterior vulva innervated by pudendal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Parasympathetic innervation to clitoris and vestibule via the cavernous nerves (part of the uterovaginal plexus)

39
Q

Which arteries and veins supply the vulva?

A

Pudendal arteries and veins

40
Q

Describe the role of the pudendal veins in sexual arousement

A

Pudendal veins become engorged, causing erectile tissue to swell

41
Q

Where does lymph from the vulva drain?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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