Female Repro Anatomy

Question 1

What type of epithelium lines the surface of the ovaries?

Answer 1

Simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium)

Question 2

Which part of the ovary contains neurovascular structures?

Answer 2

Medulla

Question 3

Which part of the ovary contains ovarian follicles?

Answer 3

Cortex

Question 4

What is a follicle?

Answer 4

An oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells

Question 5

Which ligament connects the ovarian mesovarium to the pelvic wall?

Answer 5

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 6

Which ligament of the ovary contains its neurovascular structures?

Answer 6

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 7

Which ligament connects the ovary to the fundus of the uterus?

Answer 7

Ligament of the ovary

Question 8

What is the round ligament?

Answer 8

Remnant of the gubernaculum

Continuation of the ligament of the ovary

Question 9

Describe the innervation of the ovary

Answer 9

Sympathetic innervation: ovarian plexus

Parasympathetic innervation: uterine plexus

Question 10

At what vertebral level do the ovarian arteries branch off the abdominal aorta?

Answer 10

L2

Question 11

Where do the ovarian veins drain?

Answer 11

Left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein

Right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava

Question 12

Where doe lymph from the ovaries drain?

Answer 12

Para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 13

Which part of the fallopian tube is narrowest?

Answer 13

Isthmus

Question 14

In which part of the fallopian tube does fertilisation usually occur?

Answer 14

Ampulla

Question 15

List the four parts of the fallopian tube

Answer 15

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbrae

Question 16

Describe the histology of the fallopian tubes

Answer 16

Inner mucosa: celiated columnar epithelium, also contains peg cells
Smooth muscle layer

Question 17

What are peg cells?

Answer 17

Non-celiated secretory cells in the mucosa of the fallopian tubes

Question 18

What nerve roots supply sensory afferents to the fallopian tube?

Answer 18

T11-L1

Question 19

Where does lymph from the fallopian tubes drain?

Answer 19

Iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes

Question 20

What is the normal position of the uterus?

Answer 20

Anteflexed and anteverted

Question 21

List the three histological layers of the uterus

Answer 21

Perimetrium
Myometrium (smooth muscle)
Endometrium (mucus membrane)

Question 22

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

Answer 22

Deep: Stratum basalis
Superficial: Stratum functionalis

Question 23

Which layer of the uterus proliferates in response to oestrogens and shed during menstruation?

Answer 23

Stratum functionalis of the endometrium

Question 24

List four ligaments of the uterus

Answer 24

Broad ligament
Round ligament
Cardinal ligament
Uterosacral ligament

Question 25

Describe the innervation of the uterus

Answer 25

Sympathetic: inferior hypogastric plexus Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4 Sensory afferents: inferior hypogastric plexus T10-L1

Question 26

What is the nerve root(s) of the inferior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 26

T10-L1

Question 27

What is the main function of the cervix (other than connecting the uterus to the vagina)?

Answer 27

Maintains sterility of the upper female reproductive tract

Question 28

What type of epithelium lines the cervical canal?

Answer 28

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 29

What type of epithelium covers the ectocervix?

Answer 29

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

Question 30

To which lymph nodes do the uterus and cervix drain?

Answer 30

Iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes

Question 31

What are the four histological layers of the vagina?

Answer 31

Stratified squamous epithelium Lamina propria (elastic tissue) Fibromuscular layer (inner circular muscle, outer longitudinal muscle) Adventitia (fibrous outer layer)

Question 32

Describe the innervation of the superior vagina

Answer 32

Autonomic innervation via the uterovaginal plexus, derived from the inferior hypogastric plexus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 33

Describe the innervation of the inferior vagina

Answer 33

Somatic innervation via the deep perineal nerve (branch of the pudendal nerve)

Question 34

Where does lymph from the vagina drain to?

Answer 34

Iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 35

List the structures which make up the vulva

Answer 35

``` Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule Urethral orifice Vaginal orifice Bartholin's glands Fourchette ```

Question 36

Where are Bartholin's glands located and what is their function?

Answer 36

Located either side of the vaginal orifice | Secrete lubricating mucous during sexual arousal

Question 37

List three functions of the vulva

Answer 37

Sensation during sexual intercourse Assist in micturition; direct flow of urine Helps protect the internal reproductive tract against infection

Question 38

Describe the innervation of the vulva

Answer 38

Sensory - anterior vulva innervated by ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves - posterior vulva innervated by pudendal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh Parasympathetic innervation to clitoris and vestibule via the cavernous nerves (part of the uterovaginal plexus)

Question 39

Which arteries and veins supply the vulva?

Answer 39

Pudendal arteries and veins

Question 40

Describe the role of the pudendal veins in sexual arousement

Answer 40

Pudendal veins become engorged, causing erectile tissue to swell

Question 41

Where does lymph from the vulva drain?

Answer 41

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes