Male Repro Flashcards
Zygote
The combination of both parent’s gametes
How the Y chromosome determine sex?
SRY gene
SRY gene
Is responsible for the initiation of MALE SEX DETERMINATION
TDF
Initiates development of testes
What does the SRY gene do?
1) Stimulates the mesonephrenic ducts to develop into the male anatomy.
2) At same time the testes secrete MULLERIAN - INHIBITING FACTOR causing degeneration of the paramesophrenic ducts.
Cryptorchidisms
Boys born with undescended testes
Left testicle
Usually descends lower than the right.
So, the 2 are not compressed against each other.
Internal median septum
Divides the scrotum into right and left compartment
Perineal raphe
Medial seam:
Located into the scrotum extending Extending anteriorly along the ventral side of the pennies and posteriorly to the anus.
Spermatic cord
Bundle of fibrous connective tissues containing ducts deferents, blood and lymphatic vessels and testicular nerves.
External Inguinal Ring
Inferior entrance to the Inguinal cavity
Internal Inguinal Ring
Superior exit to pelvic cavity
What are the three machanism to regulates temperature of the testess?
1) Dartos Muscle
2) Cremaster muscle
3) Pampiniform plexus
Dartors muscle
Underneath the skin, SMOOTH MUSCLE
Contracts when is cold, wrinkling the scrotum, holding the testes against warm body.
Cremaster muscle
Strips of the INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE
In cold temperatures: CONTRACTS and draws testes upwards towards the body.
Warm temperatures: RELAXES suspending the testes further from the body.
Pampiniform plexus
Extensive network of veins from the testes that surrounds the testicular artery and spermatic cord.
Functions of Pampiniform plexus
Counter counter heat exchanger: without the pampiniform plexus, warm arterial blood would heat the testes and inhibit sperm production.
Removes heat: from the descending arterial blood
Seminiferous tubules
Sperm generation
Leyding cells
Produce testosterone
Sertoli cells
Protect the germs cells, and promotes their development.
Provide nutrients, waste removal, growth factors and other needs.
Efferent ductules
Ciliated ducts collecting sperm from rete testes and transporting it to epididymis
Duct of the epididymis (head,body, and tail)
Site of maturation & storage of sperm.
Sperm is fertile to 40 to 60 days
Sperm mature as they travel through the duct.
If it not ejaculated, they disintegrated and epidimys reabsorbs them
Vas deferents (Spermatic duct)
From scrotum to Inguinal canal posterior surface of bladder
Duct behind the bladder and widens into the terminal ampulla.
Duct ends by uniting with duct of the seminal vesicles.
Ejaculatory duct (Spermatic duct)
Formed from ducts deferents & seminal vesicles.
Passes through prostate to empty the urethra.
What does the spermatic duct consist of ?
3 regions:
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy (penile) urethra
Seminal Vesicles (Accesory glands)
Forms 60% of semen
Empties into the ejaculatory duct.
Pair of glands posterior to the bladder.
Prostate glands (Accesory glands)
Thin milky secretion forms 30% of semen.
Surrounds the urethra and ejaculatory duct just inferior to the bladder.
Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands (ACCESORY GLANDS)
Near bulb of penis
Produce a clear slippery fluids
Lubricates the head of the penis.
Protects the sperms.
Neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra
Penis
Functions of the cylindrical bodies of the erectile tissues
Fill with blood during sexual arousal and account for its enlargement and erection.
3 cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue
Composed of:
A SINGLE Corpus spongiosum along ventral side of the penis
2 Corpora carvernosa
Corpus spongiosum
Encloses spongy (penile) urethra.
Distal ends enlarges and forms the glands penis.
Proximal end ends as a dilated bulb ensheathed by bulbospongiosus muscle
Corpora cavernosa
Diverge like arms of a Y.
Each arms called CRUS attaches penis to pubic arch.
Covered with ISCHIOCAVERNUS MUSCLE
Spermatozoon have 2 parts
Head & TAIL
Head of spermatozoon
Nucleus: contains of haploid set of chromosomes
Acromosome: enzyme cap over the apical half of the nucleus that contains ENZYMES THAT PENETRATES THE EGGS.
Basal body: where the flagellum attaches.
Tail of spermatozoon
Divided into 3 regions:
Midpiece: contains mitochondria around abóneme of the flagella, produces ATP for flagelar movement.
Principal piece: is axoneme surrounded by sheath of supporting fibers.
*** Constitute of most of the tail.
Endpiece: is very narrow tip of flagella
Semen (seminal fluid)
Fluid expelled during the orgasm
2 to 5mL of fluids expelled during ejaculation.
60% seminal vesicles fluid.
30% prostatic fluid.
10% spermatic duct secretion.
Normal sperm count: 50 to 120 million/mL lower than that INFERTILITY
Phases of man intercourses
Divided into 4 phases: Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution REMEMBER ***R.O.P.E****
Internal Pudendal Artery Division
DORSAL ARTERY
Travels under skin on dorsal surface.
Blood to skin and CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
Penis is flaccid
Internal Pudendal Artery Division
DEEP ARTERY
Travels through the core of the CORPUS CAVERNOSA
Fills lacunae causing ERECTION
Many anastasomes Unite deep and dorsal arteries.
Internal Pudendal Artery Division
DEEP DORSAL VEIN
Drains blood from penis
Innervation of the penis
GLANDS RECEPTORS
Tactile
Pressure
Temperatures
Innervation of the penis
INTERNAL PUDENDAL NERVES
Lead to integrating center.
The sacral spinal cord
Innervation of the penis:
Sympathetic
Induce and erection
Response to inputs from special senses and to the sexual thoughts.
Innervation of the penis
PARASYMPATHETIC
Induce ejaculation
Response to direct stimulation of the penis.
Sperm
Sperm is fertile to 40 to 60 days
Sperm mature as they travel through the duct.
If it not ejaculated, they disintegrated and epidimys reabsorbs them
