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Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

The combination of both parent’s gametes

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2
Q

How the Y chromosome determine sex?

A

SRY gene

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3
Q

SRY gene

A

Is responsible for the initiation of MALE SEX DETERMINATION

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4
Q

TDF

A

Initiates development of testes

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5
Q

What does the SRY gene do?

A

1) Stimulates the mesonephrenic ducts to develop into the male anatomy.
2) At same time the testes secrete MULLERIAN - INHIBITING FACTOR causing degeneration of the paramesophrenic ducts.

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6
Q

Cryptorchidisms

A

Boys born with undescended testes

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7
Q

Left testicle

A

Usually descends lower than the right.

So, the 2 are not compressed against each other.

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8
Q

Internal median septum

A

Divides the scrotum into right and left compartment

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9
Q

Perineal raphe

A

Medial seam:
Located into the scrotum extending Extending anteriorly along the ventral side of the pennies and posteriorly to the anus.

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10
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Bundle of fibrous connective tissues containing ducts deferents, blood and lymphatic vessels and testicular nerves.

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11
Q

External Inguinal Ring

A

Inferior entrance to the Inguinal cavity

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12
Q

Internal Inguinal Ring

A

Superior exit to pelvic cavity

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13
Q

What are the three machanism to regulates temperature of the testess?

A

1) Dartos Muscle
2) Cremaster muscle
3) Pampiniform plexus

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14
Q

Dartors muscle

A

Underneath the skin, SMOOTH MUSCLE

Contracts when is cold, wrinkling the scrotum, holding the testes against warm body.

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15
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Strips of the INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE

In cold temperatures: CONTRACTS and draws testes upwards towards the body.

Warm temperatures: RELAXES suspending the testes further from the body.

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16
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

Extensive network of veins from the testes that surrounds the testicular artery and spermatic cord.

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17
Q

Functions of Pampiniform plexus

A

Counter counter heat exchanger: without the pampiniform plexus, warm arterial blood would heat the testes and inhibit sperm production.

Removes heat: from the descending arterial blood

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18
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Sperm generation

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19
Q

Leyding cells

A

Produce testosterone

20
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Protect the germs cells, and promotes their development.

Provide nutrients, waste removal, growth factors and other needs.

21
Q

Efferent ductules

A

Ciliated ducts collecting sperm from rete testes and transporting it to epididymis

22
Q

Duct of the epididymis (head,body, and tail)

A

Site of maturation & storage of sperm.

Sperm is fertile to 40 to 60 days

Sperm mature as they travel through the duct.

If it not ejaculated, they disintegrated and epidimys reabsorbs them

23
Q

Vas deferents (Spermatic duct)

A

From scrotum to Inguinal canal posterior surface of bladder

Duct behind the bladder and widens into the terminal ampulla.

Duct ends by uniting with duct of the seminal vesicles.

24
Q

Ejaculatory duct (Spermatic duct)

A

Formed from ducts deferents & seminal vesicles.

Passes through prostate to empty the urethra.

25
Q

What does the spermatic duct consist of ?

A

3 regions:
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy (penile) urethra

26
Q

Seminal Vesicles (Accesory glands)

A

Forms 60% of semen

Empties into the ejaculatory duct.

Pair of glands posterior to the bladder.

27
Q

Prostate glands (Accesory glands)

A

Thin milky secretion forms 30% of semen.

Surrounds the urethra and ejaculatory duct just inferior to the bladder.

28
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands (ACCESORY GLANDS)

A

Near bulb of penis

Produce a clear slippery fluids

Lubricates the head of the penis.

Protects the sperms.
Neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra

29
Q

Penis

    Functions of the cylindrical bodies of the erectile tissues
A

Fill with blood during sexual arousal and account for its enlargement and erection.

30
Q

3 cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue

A

Composed of:
A SINGLE Corpus spongiosum along ventral side of the penis
2 Corpora carvernosa

31
Q

Corpus spongiosum

A

Encloses spongy (penile) urethra.

Distal ends enlarges and forms the glands penis.

Proximal end ends as a dilated bulb ensheathed by bulbospongiosus muscle

32
Q

Corpora cavernosa

A

Diverge like arms of a Y.

Each arms called CRUS attaches penis to pubic arch.

Covered with ISCHIOCAVERNUS MUSCLE

33
Q

Spermatozoon have 2 parts

A

Head & TAIL

34
Q

Head of spermatozoon

A

Nucleus: contains of haploid set of chromosomes

Acromosome: enzyme cap over the apical half of the nucleus that contains ENZYMES THAT PENETRATES THE EGGS.

Basal body: where the flagellum attaches.

35
Q

Tail of spermatozoon

A

Divided into 3 regions:

Midpiece: contains mitochondria around abóneme of the flagella, produces ATP for flagelar movement.

Principal piece: is axoneme surrounded by sheath of supporting fibers.
*** Constitute of most of the tail.
Endpiece: is very narrow tip of flagella

36
Q

Semen (seminal fluid)

A

Fluid expelled during the orgasm
2 to 5mL of fluids expelled during ejaculation.
60% seminal vesicles fluid.
30% prostatic fluid.
10% spermatic duct secretion.
Normal sperm count: 50 to 120 million/mL lower than that INFERTILITY

37
Q

Phases of man intercourses

A 
Divided into 4 phases:
Excitement 
Plateau 
Orgasm
Resolution
REMEMBER ***R.O.P.E****
38
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery Division

DORSAL ARTERY

A

Travels under skin on dorsal surface.
Blood to skin and CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
Penis is flaccid

39
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery Division

DEEP ARTERY

A

Travels through the core of the CORPUS CAVERNOSA
Fills lacunae causing ERECTION
Many anastasomes Unite deep and dorsal arteries.

40
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery Division

DEEP DORSAL VEIN

A

Drains blood from penis

41
Q

Innervation of the penis

GLANDS RECEPTORS

A

Tactile
Pressure
Temperatures

42
Q

Innervation of the penis

INTERNAL PUDENDAL NERVES

A

Lead to integrating center.

The sacral spinal cord

43
Q

Innervation of the penis:

Sympathetic

A

Induce and erection

Response to inputs from special senses and to the sexual thoughts.

44
Q

Innervation of the penis

PARASYMPATHETIC

A

Induce ejaculation

Response to direct stimulation of the penis.

45
Q

Sperm

A

Sperm is fertile to 40 to 60 days

Sperm mature as they travel through the duct.

If it not ejaculated, they disintegrated and epidimys reabsorbs them

Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb (5 decks)

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