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Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb > LOWER LIMBS ANT & MEDIAL THIGH AND MUSCLES > Flashcards

LOWER LIMBS ANT & MEDIAL THIGH AND MUSCLES Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue)

A

– Deep to skin
– LCT contains fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins , lymphatic vessels
& lymph nodes
– Continuous w/ inf. part of anterolateral abdominal wall & buttocks
– Knee region: sup. fascia blends w/ deep fascia maintaining fat presence
in subcutaneous tissue of leg.

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2
Q

Deep fascia

A

Strong investing CT (like an elastic stocking)

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3
Q

Deep fascia (FASCIA LATA)

A
  • Superior: Inguinal ligament, pubic body, arch & tubercle
  • Posterolaterally: Iliac crest
  • Posterior: sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous lig. & ischial tuberosity
  • Distally: Exposed parts of bones of knee & deep fascia of leg (Crural fascia)
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4
Q

FASCIA LATA

A

Thickest along the superolateral aspect of the thigh,
where it arises from the fascial condensations
of gluteus maximus and medius.

Thick around the knee where the fascia receives
reinforcing fibers from tendons of the quadriceps
muscles.

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5
Q

FASCIA LATA (THIN)

A

It covers the adductor muscles of the

medial thigh.

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6
Q

FASCIA LATA (DEEP)

A

Gives rise to three intermuscular septa that attach centrally to the femur.

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7
Q

Division of Intramuscular septa:

A

Divides the thigh musculature into three compartments: anterior, medial, and posterior.
Lateral intermuscular septum strongest reinforced
by iliotibial tract.

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8
Q

Saphenous opening (fascia lata)

A

present in the fascia lata just inferior to the inguinal ligament.

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9
Q

Saphenous opening (Fascia Lata ACTION)

A

Entry point for efferent lymphatic vessels and the great

saphenous vein, draining into superficial inguinal lymph nodes and the femoral vein respectively.

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10
Q

Iliotibial tract (ITT)

A

Longitudinal thickening of the fascia lata
• Strengthened superoposteriorly by fibres from
the gluteus maximus.
• Located laterally in the thigh, extending from the
iliac tubercle to the lateral tibial condyle.

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11
Q

Iliotibial tract (ITT) (Action)

A

Movement – acts as an extensor, abductor and
lateral rotator of the hip, with an additional role
in providing lateral stabilization to the knee
joint.
Compartmentalization – the deepest aspect of
ITT extends centrally to form the lateral
intermuscular septum of the thigh and attaches
to the femur.
• Muscular sheath – forms a sheath around
the tensor fascia lata muscle.

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12
Q

Crural Fascia

A 
Deep fascia of the leg.
Attaches to ant. & medial borders of tibia
– Becomes continuous w/ periosteum
• Thick prox. part of ant. aspect of leg
– Forms prox. attachment for leg muscles
• Thin distal part of leg
– Thickens forming Extensor retinacula
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13
Q

Crural Fascia (Ant. & Post. intermuscular septa of leg)

A

– From crural fascia to corresponding margins

of fibula.

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14
Q

Ant. & Post. intermuscular septa of leg.
Along w/ the interosseous membrane divide
leg into 3 compartments:

A
  1. Anterior (Dorsiflexion)
  2. Lateral (Fibular)
  3. Posterior (Plantarflexor): Sup. & Deep
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15
Q

Muscles that Move the Hip Joint/Thigh

A

How are thigh muscles organized?

• They are bound by fascia lata & organized into compartments

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16
Q

Muscles that Move the Hip Joint/Thigh

COMPARTMENTS

A 
• Anterior compartment muscles
      Extend the knee or flex the thigh
       Innervated by Femoral n.
•  Medial compartment muscles
      Adduct the thigh
       Innervated by Obturator n.
• Lateral compartment muscle
         Abducts the thigh
• Posterior compartment muscles
        Flex knee and extend the thigh
         Innervated by Tibial portion of Sciatic n.
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17
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION OF Pectineus

A 
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of thigh
Medial rotation of thigh
Comment:
May also receive innervation from obturator n.
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18
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION OF Psoas major and iliacus (collectively, iliopsoas)

A 
Flexion of thigh
IT HAS DOUBLE ORIGIN
Iliacus part: ilium (iliac fossa)
Psoas part: body of T12 and all lumbar
vertebrae (bodies, transverse processes, and
associated intervertebral discs)
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19
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION OF: Sartorius

A

Flexion of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh
Flexion of leg

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20
Q

ORIGN OF: Sartorius

A

lium (anterior superior iliac spine)
Comment:
Longest muscle in body
Important in assuming “scissor-legged” or “cross-legged” position

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21
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

QUADRICEP FEMORIS

A

composite muscle with four heads

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22
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

QUADRICEP FEMORIS Anterior Compartment of Thigh (ACTION)

A

• Consists of: vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus
medialis, rectus femoris
• Prime mover of knee extension
• Pulls on quadriceps tendon, which becomes patellar ligament
to tibia

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23
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION OF : Rectus Femoris

A

Extension of leg

Flexion of thigh

24
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN OF : Rectus Femoris

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine
Groove superior to acetabulum
Comment:
Only muscle of quadriceps group that acts on thigh
Rectus femoris extends leg as part of quadriceps muscle group

25
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION OF: Vastus Lateralis

A

Extension of leg.

26
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN OF: Vastus Lateralis

A

Femur (lateral side of greater trochanter and linea
aspera)
Comment: Quadriceps tendon extends from patella to tibial tuberosity as patellar ligament

27
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION OF :Vastus Intermedius

A

Extension of leg.

28
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN: Vastus Intermedius

A

Femur (anterolateral surface of shaft)
Comment:
Quadriceps tendon extends from patella to
tibial tuberosity as patellar ligament

29
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION: Vastus Medialis

A

Extension of leg

30
Q

Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN: Vastus Medialis

A

Femur (medial side of intertrochanteric line
and linea aspera)
Comment: Quadriceps tendon extends from patella to
tibial tuberosity as patellar ligament

31
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles:

ACTION: Adductor longus

A

Adduction of thigh

32
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles:

ORIGIN: Adductor longus

A

Pubis (body and inferior ramus).

Comment: Often involved in “pulled groin”

33
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION: Adductor Brevis

A

Adduction of thigh

34
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN: Adductor Brevis

A

Pubis (body and inferior ramus)

35
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION: Adductor Magnus

A

Adduction of thigh

Extension of thigh

36
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN: Adductor Magnus

A

Pubis (inferior ramus)
Ischium (ramus and tuberosity)
Comment: Adductor hiatus transmits femoral a. & v. from ant. compartment of thigh to popliteal fossa (post. knee)

37
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION: Gracilis

A

Adduction of thigh

Flexion of leg

38
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN: Gracilis

A

Pubis (body and inferior ramus)
Comment:
Weak muscle in humans
Used for muscle transplants

39
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ACTION: Obturator Externus

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

40
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

ORIGIN: Obturator Externus

A 
Pubis
Ischium
Obturator membrane (external surface)
Pubis and ischium at margin of obturator
membrane
41
Q

Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles

INSERTION : Obturator Externus

A

Femur (greater trochanter).

42
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh

ACTION: Tensor fasciae latae

A

Flexion of femur
Abduction of femur
Medial rotation of femur
Stabilizes knee in full extension

43
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh

ORIGIN:Tensor fasciae latae

A

Ilium (crest and anterior superior iliac

spine)

44
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh

INSERTION :Tensor fasciae latae

A

Iliotibial tract

45
Q

Muscles That Move the Thigh (7-11)

GLUTEAL GROUP

A

Includes gluteus maximus, the largest and most

posterior; is a hip extensor

46
Q

Muscles That Move the Thigh (7-11)

Adductors

A

Include the adductor magnus, adductor brevis,

adductor longus, the pectineus, and the gracilis

47
Q

Largest hip flexor is…..

A

Iliopsoas

Anterior muscles that cross the joint; made up og the PSOAS MAJOR AND THE ILIACUS.

48
Q

Muscles That Move the Leg (7-11)

Knee flexors are the hamstrings

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the sartorius

49
Q

Muscles That Move the Leg (7-11)

Knee extensors are the quadriceps femoris

A

Which include the rectus femoris and the three vastus

muscles.

50
Q

Muscles That Move the Leg (7-11)

Popliteus muscle

A

Unlocks the knee joint.

51
Q

Flexors of the Knee:

A 
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Sartorius
Popliteus
52
Q

Extensors of the Knee

Quadriceps muscles

A 
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
(deep to above muscles)
53
Q

Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
(7-11)
Gastrocnemius of the calf

A

Assisted by the underlying soleus
They share a common calcaneal tendon, and are both
plantar flexors.

54
Q

Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes

Fibularis muscles

A

Produce eversion and plantar flexion.

55
Q

Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes

Tiabialis

A

– Cause inversion of the foot

– Tibialis anterior is largest and produces dorsiflexion

Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb (5 decks)

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