LOWER LIMBS ANT & MEDIAL THIGH AND MUSCLES Flashcards
Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue)
– Deep to skin
– LCT contains fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins , lymphatic vessels
& lymph nodes
– Continuous w/ inf. part of anterolateral abdominal wall & buttocks
– Knee region: sup. fascia blends w/ deep fascia maintaining fat presence
in subcutaneous tissue of leg.
Deep fascia
Strong investing CT (like an elastic stocking)
Deep fascia (FASCIA LATA)
- Superior: Inguinal ligament, pubic body, arch & tubercle
- Posterolaterally: Iliac crest
- Posterior: sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous lig. & ischial tuberosity
- Distally: Exposed parts of bones of knee & deep fascia of leg (Crural fascia)
FASCIA LATA
Thickest along the superolateral aspect of the thigh,
where it arises from the fascial condensations
of gluteus maximus and medius.
Thick around the knee where the fascia receives
reinforcing fibers from tendons of the quadriceps
muscles.
FASCIA LATA (THIN)
It covers the adductor muscles of the
medial thigh.
FASCIA LATA (DEEP)
Gives rise to three intermuscular septa that attach centrally to the femur.
Division of Intramuscular septa:
Divides the thigh musculature into three compartments: anterior, medial, and posterior.
Lateral intermuscular septum strongest reinforced
by iliotibial tract.
Saphenous opening (fascia lata)
present in the fascia lata just inferior to the inguinal ligament.
Saphenous opening (Fascia Lata ACTION)
Entry point for efferent lymphatic vessels and the great
saphenous vein, draining into superficial inguinal lymph nodes and the femoral vein respectively.
Iliotibial tract (ITT)
Longitudinal thickening of the fascia lata
• Strengthened superoposteriorly by fibres from
the gluteus maximus.
• Located laterally in the thigh, extending from the
iliac tubercle to the lateral tibial condyle.
Iliotibial tract (ITT) (Action)
Movement – acts as an extensor, abductor and
lateral rotator of the hip, with an additional role
in providing lateral stabilization to the knee
joint.
Compartmentalization – the deepest aspect of
ITT extends centrally to form the lateral
intermuscular septum of the thigh and attaches
to the femur.
• Muscular sheath – forms a sheath around
the tensor fascia lata muscle.
Crural Fascia
Deep fascia of the leg. Attaches to ant. & medial borders of tibia – Becomes continuous w/ periosteum • Thick prox. part of ant. aspect of leg – Forms prox. attachment for leg muscles • Thin distal part of leg – Thickens forming Extensor retinacula
Crural Fascia (Ant. & Post. intermuscular septa of leg)
– From crural fascia to corresponding margins
of fibula.
Ant. & Post. intermuscular septa of leg.
Along w/ the interosseous membrane divide
leg into 3 compartments:
- Anterior (Dorsiflexion)
- Lateral (Fibular)
- Posterior (Plantarflexor): Sup. & Deep
Muscles that Move the Hip Joint/Thigh
How are thigh muscles organized?
• They are bound by fascia lata & organized into compartments
Muscles that Move the Hip Joint/Thigh
COMPARTMENTS
• Anterior compartment muscles
Extend the knee or flex the thigh
Innervated by Femoral n.
• Medial compartment muscles
Adduct the thigh
Innervated by Obturator n.
• Lateral compartment muscle
Abducts the thigh
• Posterior compartment muscles
Flex knee and extend the thigh
Innervated by Tibial portion of Sciatic n.Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION OF Pectineus
Adduction of thigh Flexion of thigh Medial rotation of thigh Comment: May also receive innervation from obturator n.
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION OF Psoas major and iliacus (collectively, iliopsoas)
Flexion of thigh IT HAS DOUBLE ORIGIN Iliacus part: ilium (iliac fossa) Psoas part: body of T12 and all lumbar vertebrae (bodies, transverse processes, and associated intervertebral discs)
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION OF: Sartorius
Flexion of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh
Flexion of leg
ORIGN OF: Sartorius
lium (anterior superior iliac spine)
Comment:
Longest muscle in body
Important in assuming “scissor-legged” or “cross-legged” position
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
QUADRICEP FEMORIS
composite muscle with four heads
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
QUADRICEP FEMORIS Anterior Compartment of Thigh (ACTION)
• Consists of: vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus
medialis, rectus femoris
• Prime mover of knee extension
• Pulls on quadriceps tendon, which becomes patellar ligament
to tibia
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION OF : Rectus Femoris
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN OF : Rectus Femoris
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Groove superior to acetabulum
Comment:
Only muscle of quadriceps group that acts on thigh
Rectus femoris extends leg as part of quadriceps muscle group
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION OF: Vastus Lateralis
Extension of leg.
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN OF: Vastus Lateralis
Femur (lateral side of greater trochanter and linea
aspera)
Comment: Quadriceps tendon extends from patella to tibial tuberosity as patellar ligament
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION OF :Vastus Intermedius
Extension of leg.
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN: Vastus Intermedius
Femur (anterolateral surface of shaft)
Comment:
Quadriceps tendon extends from patella to
tibial tuberosity as patellar ligament
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION: Vastus Medialis
Extension of leg
Anterior Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN: Vastus Medialis
Femur (medial side of intertrochanteric line
and linea aspera)
Comment: Quadriceps tendon extends from patella to
tibial tuberosity as patellar ligament
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles:
ACTION: Adductor longus
Adduction of thigh
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles:
ORIGIN: Adductor longus
Pubis (body and inferior ramus).
Comment: Often involved in “pulled groin”
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION: Adductor Brevis
Adduction of thigh
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN: Adductor Brevis
Pubis (body and inferior ramus)
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION: Adductor Magnus
Adduction of thigh
Extension of thigh
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN: Adductor Magnus
Pubis (inferior ramus)
Ischium (ramus and tuberosity)
Comment: Adductor hiatus transmits femoral a. & v. from ant. compartment of thigh to popliteal fossa (post. knee)
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION: Gracilis
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of leg
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN: Gracilis
Pubis (body and inferior ramus)
Comment:
Weak muscle in humans
Used for muscle transplants
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ACTION: Obturator Externus
Lateral rotation of thigh
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
ORIGIN: Obturator Externus
Pubis Ischium Obturator membrane (external surface) Pubis and ischium at margin of obturator membrane
Medial Compartment of Thigh Muscles
INSERTION : Obturator Externus
Femur (greater trochanter).
Muscle of the Lateral Thigh
ACTION: Tensor fasciae latae
Flexion of femur
Abduction of femur
Medial rotation of femur
Stabilizes knee in full extension
Muscle of the Lateral Thigh
ORIGIN:Tensor fasciae latae
Ilium (crest and anterior superior iliac
spine)
Muscle of the Lateral Thigh
INSERTION :Tensor fasciae latae
Iliotibial tract
Muscles That Move the Thigh (7-11)
GLUTEAL GROUP
Includes gluteus maximus, the largest and most
posterior; is a hip extensor
Muscles That Move the Thigh (7-11)
Adductors
Include the adductor magnus, adductor brevis,
adductor longus, the pectineus, and the gracilis
Largest hip flexor is…..
Iliopsoas
Anterior muscles that cross the joint; made up og the PSOAS MAJOR AND THE ILIACUS.
Muscles That Move the Leg (7-11)
Knee flexors are the hamstrings
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the sartorius
Muscles That Move the Leg (7-11)
Knee extensors are the quadriceps femoris
Which include the rectus femoris and the three vastus
muscles.
Muscles That Move the Leg (7-11)
Popliteus muscle
Unlocks the knee joint.
Flexors of the Knee:
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius Popliteus
Extensors of the Knee
Quadriceps muscles
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius (deep to above muscles)
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
(7-11)
Gastrocnemius of the calf
Assisted by the underlying soleus
They share a common calcaneal tendon, and are both
plantar flexors.
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Fibularis muscles
Produce eversion and plantar flexion.
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Tiabialis
– Cause inversion of the foot
– Tibialis anterior is largest and produces dorsiflexion
