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Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb > LOWER LIMBS :Glutes & Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

LOWER LIMBS :Glutes & Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteal Region

A

Prominent area post. to pelvis

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2
Q

Gluteal Region is bounded by….

A

Superolaterally: Iliac crest, greater
trochanter & ASIS
• Inferiorly: Gluteal fold

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3
Q

Gluteal Region

Sacrotuberal ligament is formed by….

A

Lesser sciatic foramen: passageway to

perineum.

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4
Q

Gluteal Region

Sacrospinous ligament is formed by…..

A

Greater sciatic foramen: passage way to pelvis.

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5
Q 
Gluteal Region (Superficial muscles):
      Gluteus maximus
A

Chief extensor of the thigh; also laterally

rotates the thigh.

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6
Q

Gluteal Region (Superficial muscles)
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
APARTE : Tensor fascia lata (lat. thigh)

A

Deep to gluteus maximus

• Abduct and medially rotate the thigh (rotacion medial hacia adentro)

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7
Q

Gluteal Region DEEP MUSCLES (ACTION)

A

Laterally rotate the thigh

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8
Q

Mention muscles that belongs to DEEP MUSCLES

A

Piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator
internus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus
femoris.

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9
Q

Gluteus Maximus

ACTION

A

Extension of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh

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10
Q

Gluteus Maximus

ORIGIN

A

Ilium (ala)
Sacrum
Coccyx

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11
Q

Gluteus Maximus

INNERVATION

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (Medius & minimus)

COMMENTS: climbing stairs & not important to walking

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12
Q

Gluteus Medius

ACTION

A

DOWNARD & FOWARD MOVEMENTS

Actua en sicronia con el minimus

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13
Q

Gluteus Medius

Insertion

A

Femur (greater trochanter)

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14
Q

Gluteus Medius

Innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Comment:
- Lowering (“tilting” downward) pelvis on weight-bearing
side allows non weight-bearing limb to swing forward
during walking
- Acts with gluteus minimus

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15
Q

Clinical Relevance: Trendelenburg Sign

A

Drop of the pelvis when lifting the leg opposite to weak gluteus medius.

Superior gluteal nerve damage.

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16
Q

Gluteus Minimus

ACTION

A

Abduction of the thigh (non weight-bearing).

Lower pelvis on weight - bearing side

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17
Q

Gluteus Minimus

Comment:

A

(“tilting” downward)

Act with gluteus medius

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18
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh/Gluteal Region
Tensor fasciae latae (MUSCULO)
ACTION

A

Flexion of femur
Abduction of femur
Medial rotation of femur
Stabilizes knee in full extension

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19
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh/Gluteal Region

ORIGIN Tensor fasciae latae (MUSCULO)

A

Ilium (crest and anterior superior iliac

spine)

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20
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh/Gluteal Region

INSERTION Tensor fasciae latae (MUSCULO)

A

Iliotibial tract

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21
Q

Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region

ACTION OF PIRIFORMIS

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

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22
Q

Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region

INPORTANT ASPECT OF PIRIFORMIS

A

corelacionado con el nervio siatico ;si hay un dano en el piriformis se comprime el siatico.
Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen (lo forma el ischiopubis).

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23
Q

Paresthesia

A

Numbness

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24
Q

Cuales son las condiciones que afecta al siatico?

A

sacroilitis
herniated discs (L3 L5)
problema con el musculo piriformis (hinchazon)
sacroilitis ( inflamacion del sacro & ilum)

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25
Q

Inyecciones se pone en ….

A

Superior Outer Quadrant

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26
Q

Obturator Internus

ACTION

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

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27
Q

Obturator Internus

IMPORTANT ASPECTS

A

Tendon exits pelvis through lesser

sciatic foramen

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28
Q

Obturator Internus

ORIGIN

A

Pubis
Ischium
Obturator membrane (pelvic
surface)

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29
Q

Obturator Internus

Insertion

A

Greater throchanter

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30
Q

Obturator Internus

IMPORTANT ASPECTS

A

Tendon exits pelvis through lesser

sciatic foramen

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31
Q

Superior & Inferior Gemelli

ACTION

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

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32
Q

Superior & Inferior Gemelli

ORIGIN

A

Superior gemellus: ischium (spine)
Inferior gemellus: ischium
(tuberosity)

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33
Q

Quadratus Femoris

ACTION

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

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34
Q

Quadratus Femoris

ORIGIN

A

Ischium (tuberosity)

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35
Q

Quadratus Femoris

INSETION

A

Femur (intertrochanteric crest)

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36
Q

What is Gluteal Bursa?

A

Membranous sacs containing a capillary layer of synovial fluid.
Separate gluteus maximus from other structures.

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37
Q

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Bursitis

A 
Localized pain (cuando esta en movimiento, (accion)) ES LA CLAVE PRINCIPAL.
Repetitive hip extension.
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38
Q

Trochanteric bursa

A

Between greater trochanter & gluteus maximus.

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39
Q

Gluetofemural bursa

A

POSTERIOR

Between IT band and Vastus lateralis.

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40
Q

Ischial bursa

A

POSTERIOR

Between gluteus maximus & ischial tuberosity.

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41
Q

Thigh Muscles That Move the Knee Joint/Leg
Muscles of the thigh’s posterior
compartment: Hamstring muscles

A

composite of three muscles

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42
Q

Compartments of Hamstring muscles

BICEP FEMORIS

A 
HAS TWO LEGS
Flexes leg; also laterally
rotates leg when leg is
flexed
• Only long head part of
hamstring m.
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43
Q

Compartments of Hamstring muscles

Semimembranosus & semitendinosus

A

Medially rotate leg when leg is flexed

44
Q

Posterior muscles are _____ and anterior muscles are_____

A

FLEXORS —- Posterior muscles

EXTENSORS —– ANTERIOR MUSCLES

45
Q

Semitendinosus

ACTION

A

Flexion of leg

Extension of thigh

46
Q

Semitendinosus

ORIGIN

A

Ischium (tuberosity)

47
Q

Semitendinosus

INPORTANT ASPECT

A

One of hamstring muscles

48
Q

Semitendinosus

INSERTION

A

Tibia (proximal medial shaft)

49
Q

Semimembranosus

ACTION

A

Flexion of leg

Extension of thigh

50
Q

Semimembranosus

ORIGIN

A

Ischium (tuberosity)

51
Q

Semimembranosus

INPORTANT ASPECT

A

One of hamstring muscles

52
Q

Semimembranosus

INSERTION

A

Tibia (medial condyle)

53
Q

Long Head of Biceps Femoris

ACTION

A

Flexion of leg

Extension of thigh

54
Q

Long Head of Biceps Femoris

ORIGIN

A

Ischium (tuberosity)

55
Q

Long Head of Biceps Femoris

IMPORTANT ASPECT

A

One of hamstring.
Tendon unites with that of biceps femoris, short
head.
Common tendon pierced by fibular collateral
ligament.

56
Q

Long Head of Biceps Femoris

INSERTION

A

Fibula (head)

57
Q

Short Head of Biceps Femoris

ACTION

A

Flexion of leg

58
Q

Short Head of Biceps Femoris

ORIGIN

A

Femur (linea aspera)

59
Q

Short Head of Biceps Femoris

IMPORTANT ASPECT

A
  • Tendon unites with that of long head of biceps
    femoris.
  • Common tendon pierced by fibular collateral
    ligament.
60
Q

Short Head of Biceps Femoris

INSERTION

A

Fibula (head)

61
Q

What forms the sciatic nerve?

A

Common fibular division

Tibial division

62
Q

ACTION OF Sacral Plexus

A

Provides motor & sensory innervation to gluteal region, post. thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire
foot & part of the pelvis.

63
Q

Anterior division nerves tends to innervate……

A

Flexors Muscle

64
Q

Posterior division nerves tends to innervate….

A

Extensor Muscles

65
Q

What is Superficial gluteal nerves?

A

Supply skin of gluteal region.

66
Q

Mention the types of Gluteal Regions

A
  1. Superior cluneal
  2. Medial cluneal
  3. Inferior cluneal
67
Q

Deep gluteal nerves

A

• Leave pelvis through greater
sciatic foramen
• Emerge inferior to piriformis
(except superior gluteal n.)

68
Q

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

A

Largest and longest nerve in body.

Supplies no structures in gluteal region.

69
Q

INNERVATION OF Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

A

post. thigh muscles,leg & foot muscles & skin of most of leg & foot

70
Q

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) (CLINICAL RELEVANCE)

A

Dolor punzante (Throbbing pain)

71
Q

INNERVATION OF : Tibial nerve

A

from anterior division of
sciatic)
INNERVATES: Innervates hamstrings and hamstring part of adductor magnus muscle

72
Q

INNERVATION OF: Common fibular nerve

A

(from posterior division of sciatic)

Innervates short head of bicep femoris.

73
Q

Clinical View: Sacral Plexus Injuries

SCIATICA

A

Injury to sciatic nerve
Characterized by extreme pain down posterior thigh and leg
• May be caused by herniated intervertebral disc

74
Q

Clinical View: Sacral Plexus Injuries

Common fibular nerve

A
  • Prone to injury due to fracture of neck or compression from cast (Dano por yeso)
  • May cause paralysis of anterior and lateral leg muscles
  • Person unable to dorsiflex and evert the foot
75
Q

Gluteal Region Arteries

A

Arise directly or indirectly from the Internal Iliac a.

76
Q

Superior gluteal Ateries

A

sup. to piriformis
** leave pelvis through
greater sciatic foramen

77
Q

Inferior gluteal Ateries

A

inf. to piriformis
*****leave pelvis through
greater sciatic foramen

78
Q

Internal pudendal Ateries

A

enters perineum

79
Q

Posterior Thigh Arteries

A

After birth, post. compartment of thigh has no

major exclusive a.

80
Q

Posterior Thigh Arteries receives blood from

A
  1. Inferior gluteal a.
  2. Medial circumflex femoral a.
  3. Perforating arteries
  4. Popliteal arteries
81
Q 
Profunda femoris (chief artery
of thigh)
A

Give-off perforating arteries
Pierce adductor magnus m. &
supply hamstrings

82
Q

Cruciate Anastomosis:
Circulatory anastomosis
in upper thigh

A 
• Inferior gluteal a.
• lateral & medial circumflex
femoral a
• 1st perforating a. (profunda
femoris a.)
83
Q

Clinical Relevance

Landmark of the Gluteal Region

A 
QUADRANTS IN THE POSTERIOR ZONE:
  Upper Medial Quadrant
   Upper Lateral Quadrant
Lower Medial Quadrant
Lower Lateral Quadrant
84
Q

Veins of Gluteal Region

Veins of Gluteal Region

A
  1. Superior gluteal v.
  2. Inferior gluteal v.
    ***Both communicate w/
    tributaries of femoral vein
85
Q

Veins of Gluteal Region

Veins of Gluteal Region

A

Internal pudendal v.
• Accompany respective
artery
• Drain blood from perineum

86
Q

Perforating veins of Posterior Thigh

Perforating veins

A 
• Drain into Profunda
femoris v.
• Communicate inferiroly w/
Popliteal v. & superiorly
w/ inferior gluteal n.
87
Q

Perforating veins of Posterior Thigh

Lymph from deep tissue

A

Drain into gluteal lymph
nodes à internal, external &
common iliac lymph nodes à
lumbar (caval) lymph nodes

88
Q

Perforating veins of Posterior Thigh

Lymph from superficial tissue:

A

Drain into superficial inguinal
lymph nodes à external
inguinal lymph nodes

89
Q

Popliteal fossa

Superomedial border

A

semimembranosus.

90
Q

Popliteal fossa

Superolateral border

A

biceps femoris

91
Q

Popliteal fossa

Inferomedial border

A

medial head of the gastrocnemius.

92
Q

Popliteal fossa

Inferolateral border

A

lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris

93
Q

Popliteal fossa

Floor

A

posterior surface of the knee joint capsule, popliteus muscle & posterior femur.

94
Q

Popliteal fossa

Roof

A

Has 2 layer:

popliteal fascia and skin.

95
Q

Popliteal fossa

Popliteal fascia

A

continuous with the fascia lata of thigh.

96
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Is the main conduit for neurovascular
structures entering and leaving the leg.
Covered by:
subcutaneous tissue & Popliteal fascia

97
Q

Common fibular nerve follows the…..

A

biceps femoris tendon, travelling along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa.

98
Q

Small saphenous vein

A

pierces popliteal fascia & passes between the two heads of gastrocnemius to empty into popliteal vein.

99
Q

Deepest structure of saphenous vein is….

A 
popliteal artery (continuation of
femoral a.- travels into the leg to supply it w/ blood
100
Q

Popliteal Artery

A

Anterior tibial
Posterior tibial
Genicular Anatomosis

101
Q

Muscular branches of popliteal a.

A

supply hamstrings,
gastrocnemius, soleus, &
plantaris muscles

102
Q

Popliteal Vein

A 
• Continuation of Posterior tibial v.
• Lies superficial to popliteal a.
• Superiorly becomes femoral vein
• Small saphenous v. passes posterior to
lat. malleolus to popliteal fossa where it
pierces fascia & enters popliteal vein.
103
Q

Superfical popliteal lymph nodes – small &

lie in……

A

Subcutaneous tissues

104
Q

Deep popliteal lymph nodes

A

surround vessels & receive lymph from joint capsule,
& lymphatic vessels that accompany deep
veins of leg.

105
Q

Lymph vessels drain to……

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes

106
Q

Nerves in Popliteal Fossa

A

Semitendinosus:

Popliteal nerve and artery

Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb (5 decks)

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