LOWER LIMBS BONES

Question 1

How much does the lower limbs divide?

Answer 1

4 regions that contains 30 bones per limbs

Question 2

Femoral region (thigh)

Answer 2

Extends from hip to knee region.

Contains the femur and patella.

Question 3

Crural region (leg proper)

Answer 3

Extends from knee to ankle.

Contains medial tibia and lateral fibula.

Question 4

Tarsal region (tarsus)
What is ANKLE?

Answer 4

Ankle—the union of the crural region with the foot.

CONTAINS: Tarsal bones are considered part of the foot.

Question 5

Pedal region (pes)

Answer 5

Foot:
CONTAINS:
7 tarsal bones
5 metatarsals 
14 phalanges in
the toes

Question 6

Femur—thigh bone

Proximal end articulation

Answer 6

• Head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip.

Question 7

Femur - Thigh bone

Distal end articulation

Answer 7

Lateral and medial condyles articulates with the tibia in the lower leg

Question 8

FEMUR:

Hemispherical head

Answer 8

Articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis

Question 9

Fovea capitis (femur)

Answer 9

pit in head of femur for attachment of a ligament

Question 10

Intertrochanteric crest (femur)

Answer 10

thick oblique ridge on the posterior surface that connects the trochanters.

Question 11

What is Patella?

Answer 11

triangular sesamoid bone embedded in tendon of knee.

Cartilaginous at birth.

Question 12

Base (patella)

Answer 12

broad, superior portion

Question 13

Apex of patella

Answer 13

pointed, inferior portion

Question 14

Articular facets

Answer 14

shallow,posterior portion

Question 15

Quadriceps femoris tendon

Answer 15

extends from anterior muscle of thigh to patella

Continues as the patellar ligament from patella to tibia

Question 16

What is Tibia?

Answer 16

Only weight-bearing bone of the crural region

Question 17

Intercondylar eminence of the tibia

Answer 17

Ridge separating condyles

Question 18

What is the Tibial tuberosity?

Answer 18

attachment of quadricep muscles

Question 19

Anterior crest of tibia

Answer 19

sharp & angular

Question 20

Medial malleolus of tibia

Answer 20

bony knob on inside of ankle

Question 21

What joined the Fibula?

Answer 21

Joined to tibia by interosseous membrane

Question 22

The Ankle and Foot:

TARSAL BONES

Answer 22

Arranged in proximal and distal groups.

Tarsal bones are shaped and arranged differently from carpal bones due to loadbearing role of the ankle.

Question 23

Calcaneus (The Ankle and Foot)

Answer 23

Distal portion is point of attachment for calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.

Question 24

Talus (The Ankle and Foot)

Answer 24

most superior tarsal bone.
– Forms ankle joint with tibia
and fibula.
 Sits upon calcaneus and
articulates with navicular.

Question 25

Mention the Proximal row of tarsal bones (The Ankle and Foot)

Answer 25

Talus,
calcaneus,
navicular

Question 26

Mention the Distal row of tarsal bones (The Ankle and Foot)

Answer 26

Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiforms and cuboid

Question 27

Embryologic aspect of Ankle & Foot

Answer 27

Starts seventh week of embryonic development.

Question 28

Action of Ankle & Foot

Answer 28

Rotation of upper and lower limbs in opposite directions.

Rotation also explains why elbow flexes posteriorly and knee flexes anteriorly.

Question 29

Springy arches (Ankle & Foot)
Medial longitudinal arch

Answer 29

PRINCIPAL
From heel to hallux
• Formed from the
calcaneus, talus, navicular,
cuneiforms, and
metatarsals I and III

Question 30

Springy arches (Ankle & Foot)
Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 30

From heel to little toe
Includes calcaneus, cuboid,
and metatarsals IV and V

Question 31

Springy arches (Ankle & Foot)
Bones of the foot are arranged to form
three strong arches:

Answer 31

Two longitudinal

One transverse

Question 32

Springy arches (Ankle & Foot)
Transverse arch

Answer 32

Across middle of foot
– Includes the cuboid,
cuneiforms, and proximal
heads of metatarsals
– Arches held together by
short, strong ligaments

Question 33

Symptoms of Pes planus (flat feet)

Answer 33

excessive weight, repetitious stress, or congenital weakness

Question 34

Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance

PES PLANUS

Answer 34

may be a congenital condition or may be acquired later in life.
Can also be caused by: increasing age, obesity or high-impact activities.