LOWER LIMBS BONES Flashcards
How much does the lower limbs divide?
4 regions that contains 30 bones per limbs
Femoral region (thigh)
Extends from hip to knee region.
Contains the femur and patella.
Crural region (leg proper)
Extends from knee to ankle.
Contains medial tibia and lateral fibula.
Tarsal region (tarsus) What is ANKLE?
Ankle—the union of the crural region with the foot.
CONTAINS: Tarsal bones are considered part of the foot.
Pedal region (pes)
Foot: CONTAINS: 7 tarsal bones 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges in the toes
Femur—thigh bone
Proximal end articulation
• Head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip.
Femur - Thigh bone
Distal end articulation
Lateral and medial condyles articulates with the tibia in the lower leg
FEMUR:
Hemispherical head
Articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis
Fovea capitis (femur)
pit in head of femur for attachment of a ligament
Intertrochanteric crest (femur)
thick oblique ridge on the posterior surface that connects the trochanters.
What is Patella?
triangular sesamoid bone embedded in tendon of knee.
Cartilaginous at birth.
Base (patella)
broad, superior portion
Apex of patella
pointed, inferior portion
Articular facets
shallow,posterior portion
Quadriceps femoris tendon
extends from anterior muscle of thigh to patella
Continues as the patellar ligament from patella to tibia
What is Tibia?
Only weight-bearing bone of the crural region
Intercondylar eminence of the tibia
Ridge separating condyles
What is the Tibial tuberosity?
attachment of quadricep muscles
Anterior crest of tibia
sharp & angular
Medial malleolus of tibia
bony knob on inside of ankle
What joined the Fibula?
Joined to tibia by interosseous membrane
The Ankle and Foot:
TARSAL BONES
Arranged in proximal and distal groups.
Tarsal bones are shaped and arranged differently from carpal bones due to loadbearing role of the ankle.
Calcaneus (The Ankle and Foot)
Distal portion is point of attachment for calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.
Talus (The Ankle and Foot)
most superior tarsal bone. – Forms ankle joint with tibia and fibula. Sits upon calcaneus and articulates with navicular.
Mention the Proximal row of tarsal bones (The Ankle and Foot)
Talus,
calcaneus,
navicular
Mention the Distal row of tarsal bones (The Ankle and Foot)
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiforms and cuboid
Embryologic aspect of Ankle & Foot
Starts seventh week of embryonic development.
Action of Ankle & Foot
Rotation of upper and lower limbs in opposite directions.
Rotation also explains why elbow flexes posteriorly and knee flexes anteriorly.
Springy arches (Ankle & Foot) Medial longitudinal arch
PRINCIPAL From heel to hallux • Formed from the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals I and III
Springy arches (Ankle & Foot) Lateral longitudinal arch
From heel to little toe
Includes calcaneus, cuboid,
and metatarsals IV and V
Springy arches (Ankle & Foot) Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches:
Two longitudinal
One transverse
Springy arches (Ankle & Foot) Transverse arch
Across middle of foot – Includes the cuboid, cuneiforms, and proximal heads of metatarsals – Arches held together by short, strong ligaments
Symptoms of Pes planus (flat feet)
excessive weight, repetitious stress, or congenital weakness
Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance
PES PLANUS
may be a congenital condition or may be acquired later in life.
Can also be caused by: increasing age, obesity or high-impact activities.
