Male/Female Repro Flashcards
When are teat injuries most commonly seen?
w/in one month of calving
What is the major arterial supply to the udder?
External pudendal a.
Where is the elastic vs. fibrous udder support located?
Elastic=middle
Fibrous=lateral
What is the primary venous drainage from the udder?
External pudendal vein
Atresia in what quarter of the cistern has the best surgical prognosis?
Dorsal quarter
When do teat fistulas most likely occur?
After teat laceration when the milk tight seal is not obtained
What causes closure of teat cistern mucosa?
Polyglycolic acid
When should you treat stenotic teat sphincters to ensure patency?
Before morning milking
What are post-op recommendations for a tight teat sphincter?
Milk every 15 minutes for 2 hours and then every 2 hours
What are teat spiders?
Result of previous trauma to wall of teat
T/F: You should choose the largest fenestrated tube after removing mass of scar tissue
True
Where is the circumferential vascular plexus?
At the base of the teat
Rupture of the mucous membranes at the rosette of Furstenberg can be detected by what?
Ultrasound or double contrast radiographs
What are supernumerary teats?
Extra teats, typically smaller, cranial or caudal to existing teat
How are supernumerary teats removed?
Pincer/Burdizzo emasculatome & close with simple interrupted suture
What are teat obstructions treated with?
Thelotomy
Which teat lacerations have better prognosis?
Vertical cuts
By what percentage does the risk of mastitis increase by when a teat laceration is present?
50%
What is a slow (hard) milker?
Protrusions are inside the teat lumen making flow difficult
What are the three types of episioplasty surgeries?
Caslick’s procedure (vulvoplasty)
Perineal body reconstruction
Perineal body transection
What is the common treatment of pneumovagina?
Caslick’s procedure
How is a caslick’s surgery done?
Remove 3 mm of tissue from upper 1/3 of vulva with scissors, suture them closed with vertical mattress
REMOVE SUTURE PRIOR TO FOALING
What episiplasty procedure should be done if there is an ineffective vulvar & vestibular seal or rectovestibular injury?
Perineal body reconstruction
Where is the incision made for a perineal body reconstruction?
Mucocutaneous junction of labium
Which episoplasty is indicated with forward sloping of vulva and no decrease in vulvar & vestibular openings?
Perineal body transection
Vesicovaginal reflux or urine pooling are due to what issues?
Pneumovagina
Ectopic ureter
Excessive closure of Caslick’s
What are CS of urovagina?
Vaginitis
Cervicitis
Endometritis
Decreased conception
What are the two tx options for urovagina?
Caudal relocation of transverse fold (vaginoplasty)
Caudal urethral extension (urethroplasty)
What are the four urethroplasty techniques?
Brown
McKinnon
Shires
Monin
What are some common causes of perineal lacerations?
First time foaling, fetal malposition & nose or foot catches vulvovaginal fold
Which degree of perineal laceration requires surgery?
Third degree
Debridement, tetanus prophylaxis, allow granulation tissue to form
What is the method of perineal laceration repair that is 2 stages and makes a new opening into the vestibule and then re-creates a new floor of rectum a few weeks later?
Aanes method
What is the method of third degree perineal laceration that is a 1 stge repair?
Goetze/vaughn method
This is due to a laceration of dorsal vestibula into rectum without disruption of perineal body or anal sphincter
Rectovestibular fistula
What type of suture pattern is used when repairing a rectovestibular fistula?
Continuous suture pattern-distributes tension evenly
What are indications for a unilateral ovariectomy?
Removal for granulosa cell tumor
Ovarian abscess
What are indications for a bilateral ovariectomy?
Eliminate estrous or nymphomania
What is the instrument used for equine ovariectomy?
Ecraseur- used to grasp the ovary
What are complications of ovriectomy?
Dehiscence, pain, colitis, laminitis
When is a C-section indicated?
Dystocia
Ventral midline approach
What procedure is performed for removal of neoplasms, granulomas, scar tissue, chronic thickening or for penile paralysis?
Segmental posthectomy
What is a penile amputation called?
Phallectomy
How long before you perform a phallectomy should you castrate?
3-4 weeks before
Match the phallectomy techniques:
- Tip towards tip of penis
- Base towards tip of penis
- urethra covers like umbrella
- new opening created
a. Scott’s technique
b. En bloc technique
c. William’s technique
d. Vinot’s technique
- D- vinot’s technique
- C- william’s technique
- A- Scott’s technique
- D- En bloc technique
What is the procedure performed to retract paralyzed penis into prepuce?
Phallopexy
Bolz’ technique
Where is the incision for a phallopexy made?
Incision made caudal to scrotum
T/F: Post phallopexy, heavy exercise should be performed to build up scar tissue and hold penis in place
TRUE
What temperature needs to be applied to tumors for hyperthermic therapy to be successful?
45 minutes in 45 degree Celsius- tissue will begin to slough
What should you avoid cutting through when repairing a scrotal hernia?
Vaginal tunic
What is used to treat SCC?
5-FU ointment
What is the most useful dx test used for urolithiasis?
Endoscopy
Preferred sx approach to urethral lumen in males?
Ventral midline
Preferred sx approach for removal of proximal urethral calculi in males?
Perineal urethrotomy
What muscle is not incised in a perineal urethrostomy?
Corpus cavernosum
What is the treatment used for large cystic calculus?
Laparocystotomy
What are routes of removal of cystic calculi?
Laparocystotomy
Manual removal through urethra
Sphincterotomy
