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LaSx Final > Male/Female Repro > Flashcards

Male/Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

When are teat injuries most commonly seen?

A

w/in one month of calving

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2
Q

What is the major arterial supply to the udder?

A

External pudendal a.

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3
Q

Where is the elastic vs. fibrous udder support located?

A

Elastic=middle

Fibrous=lateral

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4
Q

What is the primary venous drainage from the udder?

A

External pudendal vein

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5
Q

Atresia in what quarter of the cistern has the best surgical prognosis?

A

Dorsal quarter

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6
Q

When do teat fistulas most likely occur?

A

After teat laceration when the milk tight seal is not obtained

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7
Q

What causes closure of teat cistern mucosa?

A

Polyglycolic acid

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8
Q

When should you treat stenotic teat sphincters to ensure patency?

A

Before morning milking

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9
Q

What are post-op recommendations for a tight teat sphincter?

A

Milk every 15 minutes for 2 hours and then every 2 hours

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10
Q

What are teat spiders?

A

Result of previous trauma to wall of teat

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11
Q

T/F: You should choose the largest fenestrated tube after removing mass of scar tissue

A

True

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12
Q

Where is the circumferential vascular plexus?

A

At the base of the teat

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13
Q

Rupture of the mucous membranes at the rosette of Furstenberg can be detected by what?

A

Ultrasound or double contrast radiographs

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14
Q

What are supernumerary teats?

A

Extra teats, typically smaller, cranial or caudal to existing teat

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15
Q

How are supernumerary teats removed?

A

Pincer/Burdizzo emasculatome & close with simple interrupted suture

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16
Q

What are teat obstructions treated with?

A

Thelotomy

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17
Q

Which teat lacerations have better prognosis?

A

Vertical cuts

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18
Q

By what percentage does the risk of mastitis increase by when a teat laceration is present?

A

50%

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19
Q

What is a slow (hard) milker?

A

Protrusions are inside the teat lumen making flow difficult

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20
Q

What are the three types of episioplasty surgeries?

A

Caslick’s procedure (vulvoplasty)
Perineal body reconstruction
Perineal body transection

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21
Q

What is the common treatment of pneumovagina?

A

Caslick’s procedure

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22
Q

How is a caslick’s surgery done?

A

Remove 3 mm of tissue from upper 1/3 of vulva with scissors, suture them closed with vertical mattress
REMOVE SUTURE PRIOR TO FOALING

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23
Q

What episiplasty procedure should be done if there is an ineffective vulvar & vestibular seal or rectovestibular injury?

A

Perineal body reconstruction

24
Q

Where is the incision made for a perineal body reconstruction?

A

Mucocutaneous junction of labium

25
Q

Which episoplasty is indicated with forward sloping of vulva and no decrease in vulvar & vestibular openings?

A

Perineal body transection

26
Q

Vesicovaginal reflux or urine pooling are due to what issues?

A

Pneumovagina
Ectopic ureter
Excessive closure of Caslick’s

27
Q

What are CS of urovagina?

A

Vaginitis
Cervicitis
Endometritis
Decreased conception

28
Q

What are the two tx options for urovagina?

A

Caudal relocation of transverse fold (vaginoplasty)

Caudal urethral extension (urethroplasty)

29
Q

What are the four urethroplasty techniques?

A

Brown
McKinnon
Shires
Monin

30
Q

What are some common causes of perineal lacerations?

A

First time foaling, fetal malposition & nose or foot catches vulvovaginal fold

31
Q

Which degree of perineal laceration requires surgery?

A

Third degree

Debridement, tetanus prophylaxis, allow granulation tissue to form

32
Q

What is the method of perineal laceration repair that is 2 stages and makes a new opening into the vestibule and then re-creates a new floor of rectum a few weeks later?

A

Aanes method

33
Q

What is the method of third degree perineal laceration that is a 1 stge repair?

A

Goetze/vaughn method

34
Q

This is due to a laceration of dorsal vestibula into rectum without disruption of perineal body or anal sphincter

A

Rectovestibular fistula

35
Q

What type of suture pattern is used when repairing a rectovestibular fistula?

A

Continuous suture pattern-distributes tension evenly

36
Q

What are indications for a unilateral ovariectomy?

A

Removal for granulosa cell tumor

Ovarian abscess

37
Q

What are indications for a bilateral ovariectomy?

A

Eliminate estrous or nymphomania

38
Q

What is the instrument used for equine ovariectomy?

A

Ecraseur- used to grasp the ovary

39
Q

What are complications of ovriectomy?

A

Dehiscence, pain, colitis, laminitis

40
Q

When is a C-section indicated?

A

Dystocia

Ventral midline approach

41
Q

What procedure is performed for removal of neoplasms, granulomas, scar tissue, chronic thickening or for penile paralysis?

A

Segmental posthectomy

42
Q

What is a penile amputation called?

A

Phallectomy

43
Q

How long before you perform a phallectomy should you castrate?

A

3-4 weeks before

44
Q

Match the phallectomy techniques:

  1. Tip towards tip of penis
  2. Base towards tip of penis
  3. urethra covers like umbrella
  4. new opening created

a. Scott’s technique
b. En bloc technique
c. William’s technique
d. Vinot’s technique

A
  1. D- vinot’s technique
  2. C- william’s technique
  3. A- Scott’s technique
  4. D- En bloc technique
45
Q

What is the procedure performed to retract paralyzed penis into prepuce?

A

Phallopexy

Bolz’ technique

46
Q

Where is the incision for a phallopexy made?

A

Incision made caudal to scrotum

47
Q

T/F: Post phallopexy, heavy exercise should be performed to build up scar tissue and hold penis in place

A

TRUE

48
Q

What temperature needs to be applied to tumors for hyperthermic therapy to be successful?

A

45 minutes in 45 degree Celsius- tissue will begin to slough

49
Q

What should you avoid cutting through when repairing a scrotal hernia?

A

Vaginal tunic

50
Q

What is used to treat SCC?

A

5-FU ointment

51
Q

What is the most useful dx test used for urolithiasis?

A

Endoscopy

52
Q

Preferred sx approach to urethral lumen in males?

A

Ventral midline

53
Q

Preferred sx approach for removal of proximal urethral calculi in males?

A

Perineal urethrotomy

54
Q

What muscle is not incised in a perineal urethrostomy?

A

Corpus cavernosum

55
Q

What is the treatment used for large cystic calculus?

A

Laparocystotomy

56
Q

What are routes of removal of cystic calculi?

A

Laparocystotomy
Manual removal through urethra
Sphincterotomy

LaSx Final (5 decks)

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