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RTT Patient Care > Male associated malignacies > Flashcards

Male associated malignacies Flashcards

1
Q

Male associated malignacies (3)

A
  • Prostate cancer
  • Testicular cancer
  • Penile cancer
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2
Q

Prosate galnd spurts (2)

A
  • Puberty
  • Age 50
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3
Q

Normal prostate size is the size of a

A

Walnut

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4
Q

Function of urethra

A

Tube that carries urine and semen out of the body (runs through center of prostate)

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5
Q

Prostate cancer affects ___% of males over the age of ___

A
  • 65
  • 65
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6
Q

Prostate cancer is rare before ___ years old

A

40

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7
Q

Prostate cancer most common in ___ ___ (race). ___x more likely to die

A

-African American
-2

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8
Q

___ 1 and 2 mutations can increase risk of proostate cancer

A

BRCA (1 and 2)

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9
Q

___ syndrome can increase Prostate cancer risk

A

Lynch

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10
Q

Prostate cancer less clear risk factors (5)

A
  • Diet
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Chemical exposure
  • Vasectomy
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11
Q

Early detection methods (3)

A
  • DRE
  • PSA
  • Screenign (PSA +/- DRE)
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12
Q

Early detection methods

A
  • DRE
  • PSA
  • Screenign (PSA +/- DRE)
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13
Q

Screening ages (3)

A
  • 50, average risk expected to live 10 more years
  • 45, high risk (african americans), 1 relative with prostate cancer at 65 or earlier
  • 40, higher risk, more than 1 degree relative with prostate cancer
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14
Q

When Prostate cancer develops PSA level is usaually above

A

4

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15
Q

If PSA more than 10 the percent of having cancer is

A

over 50%

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16
Q

Men with PSA on borderline (4 - 10) have a ___ in ___ chance to have cancer

A

1 in 4

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17
Q

Prostate cancer clnical presentation (4)

A
  • decreased urinary system
  • urinary frequency
  • difficulty starting urinary stream
  • Blood in sperm (dysuria)
  • Extensive/ later disease (bone pain, extermeity numbness, bladder incontinence
18
Q

DRE is a test that

A

feels for any abnormalities or enlargements

19
Q

What is the gleason score

A

assigns grade based on how much the cells look like normal tissue

20
Q

On gleason score 1 is ___ and 5 is ___

A
  • looks normal
  • looks very abnoraml
21
Q

Grade groups are becoming more common to use. Ranges from 1 - 5

A
  • Grade group 1 = gleaseon 6 or less
  • Grade group 2 = gleason 3+4=7
  • Grade group 3 = gleason 4+3=7
  • Grade group 4 = gleason 8
  • Grade group 5 = gleason 9-10
22
Q

Prostate cancer prognostic factors (4)

A
  • gleason grading
  • DNA analysis
  • PSA level
  • Predicitve models for organ confined
23
Q

Prostate cancer detection methods (5)

A
  • Abdomincal and pelvic CT scans
  • Chest x-ray
  • Bone scan
  • Liver function tests
  • Serum PSA
24
Q

Prostate cancer survival related to (3)

A
  • Stage
  • Grade
  • Extent of tumor at diagnosis
25
Q

Prostate cancer local disease median survival is

A

greater than 5 years

26
Q

Prostate cancer metastic disease median survival time

A

1-3 years (may survive mkrw than 10 years)

27
Q

Treatment ___ can be considered in lower grade

A

observation

28
Q

Prostate cancer treatment techniques (5)

A

observation (lower grades only)
Surgery (if tumor is limited to prostate)
EBRT
Brachytherapy
Hormonal therapy

29
Q

Prostate cancer external beam side effects (4)

A
  • abdominal cramping
  • rectal discomfort
  • rectal bleeding
  • pain and blood in urine
30
Q

Bracchytherapy: Brachy means ___
Therapy means ___

A
  • short
  • treatment
    (short distance treatment)
31
Q

LDR (low dose rate) is referring to doses under ___ Gy/hr

A

2

32
Q

Medium dose rates range from __ to __ Gy/hr

A
  • 2
  • 12
33
Q

HDR (high dose rate) refers to dose rates higher than __ Gy/hr

A

higher than 12

34
Q

Interstitial applications:

A

Placement of radioactive source directly into a tumor or tumor bed

35
Q

Intraluminal application:

A

Placement of radiation sources with body tubes (catheters)

36
Q

Intravascular application are:

A

Limited in practice and reserved for selected recurrent cases

37
Q

Surface application:

A

Placement of radioactive sources on top of the area to be treated

38
Q

Prostate brachytherapy LDR (3):

A

-Radioactive seeds are implanted into prostate by ultrasound guided needles
- Anesthesia requires
- Rad in pellets exhausted in one year

39
Q

Prostate brachytherapy HDR (3):

A
  • Tubes left in prostate and left in place for a few minutes
  • May be repeating
  • Anesthia required
40
Q

Prostate Brachytherapy side effects (4)

A
  • inflammation
  • swelling
  • urinary symptoms
  • erectile dysfunction (rare)
41
Q

Quadrament (samarium 153) (9)
- ___ seeking radioisotope
- ___ dose to hot area
- Can combine with ___
- May cause ___
- Can last ___ to ___ months
- Can be ___
- ___ to ___ responce rate
- Best for patients with ___ or ___

A
  • bone seeking radioisotope
  • systemic dose to hot area
  • can combine with EBRT
  • may cause flare
  • can last 3-6 months
  • can be repeated
  • 60-75% responce rate
  • best for patients with multiple or m
42
Q

Management of prostate cancer bone Metastasises (4)

A
  • prevent pain
  • improve mobility
  • prevent complications
  • maintain acceptable quality of life

RTT Patient Care (9 decks)

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