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Embryology > Male and Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male and Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gametes

A

male and female sex cells that are capable of participating in fertilization
MATURE HAPLOID MALE OR FEMALE GERM CELL

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2
Q

primordial germ cells

A

earliest recognizable precursors of gametes that arise form the yolk sac and migrate to developing gonads (testes and ovaries)

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3
Q

gametogenesis

A

series of changes that convert primordial germ cells into gametes

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4
Q

oogonia

A

mitotically active germ cells in the female ovary

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5
Q

sperm

A

mitotically active germ cells in the male testes (plural form of testis)

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6
Q

how many chromosomes are in a primordial germ cell (PGC)

A

46 single chromosomes
- 23 homologous pairs
1-22 autosomes
23 = sex chromosomes

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7
Q

what is present after meiosis 1?

A

two daughter cells with half the chromosomes and 2 sets of DNA - due to homologous chromosomes separating, NOT sister chromatids like in mitosis

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8
Q

Special events in meiosis 1

A

synapsis - pairing of the homologus chromosomes - identical portions on each chromosome match up)
crossing over - exchange of chromatid segments between the pair of homologus chromosomes
dysjunction - segragation of the homologus chromosomes are random

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9
Q

result of nondisjunctino in meiosis 1 and II

A

non dis-junction in meiosis 1 - when homologous pairs don’t segregate, resulting in an extra chromosome upon fertilization

Meiosis II - non-dis junction of sister chromatids results in a lack of a chromosome upon fertilization

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10
Q

result of meiotic disturbances

A

spontaneous abortions due to an abnormal number of chromosomes - due to non-disjunction

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11
Q

organs of the female reproductive system

A

ovaries
ovaduct (uterine tube, fallopian tube)
uterus and cervix
vagina

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12
Q

anatomy and function of the ovary

A

EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION
oogenesis- production of the oocyte- female gamete and steroidogenesis - producing estrogen and progesterone
HISTOLOGY -contain the ovarian follicle which is a multicellular structure within the ovary that contain the ooctye

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13
Q

two major events that occur in the ovary

A
  1. maturation of the oocyte

2. maturation of the ovarian follicle

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14
Q

female and male support cells if the primary gamete

A

follicular cells - oocyte support cell

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15
Q

result in the long duration of the first meiotic division - into fifth decade in females

A

thought to result in an increase in meiotic errors (non-disjunction) that occur as maternal age increases

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16
Q

four types of follicles with the oocyte

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
  3. secondary follicle (antral follicle)
  4. Mature, Graffian preovulatory follicle
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17
Q

what is ovulated?

A

SECONDARY oocyte
zona pellucida
corona radiata

18
Q

what is the approximate day of ovulation in the female reproductive cycle?

A

DAY 14

19
Q

where is the usual site of fertilization?

A

the ampulla of the tube

20
Q

where does the secondary oocyte, zona pellucida, and corona radiata release into

A

the peritoneal cavity

21
Q

corpus albican

A

if pregnancy DOES NOT occur, the corpus luteum of menstruation forms the corpus albican which is a fibrous tissue that is reabsorbed over a period of several months

22
Q

left over granulosa cells become what?

A

the corpus luteum which produces hormones and targets the endometrium

23
Q

most likely spot of an ectopic pregnancy?

A

ampulla of uterine tube - where fertilization takes place

could also occur in stomach if the fimbraie of tube dont sweep the egg into the duct

24
Q

mucosal lining of the ovaduct

type of cells and functions

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

  1. CILIATED - most numerous in the infundibulum (fimbrae) and ampulla and beat towards the uterus
  2. non-ciliated peg cells - secretory cells that produce fluid that provides nutritive material to the ovum (fertilized egg)

also the muscularis layer of the oviduct contributes to oocyte movement towards uterus as well

25
Q

three layers of the uterus

A
  1. perimetrium - serosa layer covering most of uterus - mesothelium and connective tissue
  2. myometrium - muscle layer
  3. endometrium
26
Q

endometrium

A

epithelium and connective tissue
site of implantation
placenta will develop here as well

27
Q

cell layers of the endometrium

A

stratum functionale - layer that is sloughed off during menstruation and is cells, blood, and tissue
stratum basale - stem cell layer that is maintained during menstruation and regenerates the functional layer

28
Q

cervix

A

endometrium does not change during the menstrual cycle, contains mucus secreting glands and during the birthing process, the cervix dilates and softens

29
Q

vagina

A

fibromuscular tube that allows transport of sperm to the uterus, flexibility during the birthing process
HAS STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

30
Q

menstrual phase

A

day 1-4 where the functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed off

31
Q

proliferation phase

A

days 4-15, the functional layer becomes thicker

32
Q

secretory phase

A

days 15-28, the functional layer is very thick, and the glands are filled with glycogen

33
Q

fertilization age

A

CONCEPTION AGE-dates pregnancy from the time of fertilization, thus a six week old embryo is six weeks (42 days) from the day of fertilization

34
Q

menstrual age

A

GESTATIONAL, CLINICAL AGE- dates pregnancy back to woman’s last NORMAL period and is usually TWO WEEKS GREATER than the fertilizatoin age because usually two weeks elapse between the start of the last menstrual cycle and fertilization

35
Q

testis

A

paired organs located in the scrotum and begin development in the abdominal cavity and descend.
EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE
endocrine is production of testosterone by Lehdig cells and exocrine is secrete sperm

36
Q

semineferous tubules

A

location of sperm production by spermatogenesis

37
Q

sperm in the semi-nef. tubules?

A

morphologically mature sperm but not physiologically capable of fertilizing an egg

38
Q

epididymus

A

where the sperm acquire the ability to be motile - move

39
Q

duct system of sperm (1-7)

A
  1. Tubule recti (found at the ends of each semineferous tubule)
  2. Tubule recti empty in the RETE testis
  3. from the rete testis the EFFERENT DUCTULES connect rete to the epididymus
    4, EPIDIDYMUS is where the sperm acquire the motility
  4. ENTER VAS DEFERENS - (DUCTUS DEFERENS) and this is the longest part and extends into the pelvis where it enlarges to form the ampulla
  5. ampulla merges with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
  6. ejaculatory duct enter the prostate gland-single urethra will carry the sperm to external environment which also carries urine
40
Q

what do seminal vesicles secrete?

A

fluid rich in fructose

41
Q

prostate gland

A

where the semineferous tubules and the vas deferens empty into and from prostate form a single urethra
SECRETES SEVERAL ENZYMES

Embryology (7 decks)

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