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Embryology > GI Tract Development > Flashcards

GI Tract Development Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lining from the oro-pharynx to the anal canal?

A

epithelium derived from endoderm

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2
Q

what is the epithelial tube surrounded by?

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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3
Q

what does splanchnic mesoderm form?

A

forms the muscle and connective tissue layers, blood vessels and peritoneal components (mesothelium and connective tissue)

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4
Q

primitive gut tube formatin

A

folding results in a portion of the endoderm lined yolk sac to be incorporated into the embryo as the primitive gut tube

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5
Q

endoderm derivatives

A

rise to the epithelial cells of the gut tube

-pharyngeal foregut, digestive system, and respiratory system

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6
Q

splanchnic mesoderm derivatives

A

smooth muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels, visceral epithelium

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7
Q

how does the midgut communicate with the yolk sac?

A

via the vitelline duct which becomes the core of the umbilical cord

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8
Q

dorsal mesentary

A

it is bi-layered and suspends the abdominal viscera in the body cavity (intraembryonic body cavity)

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9
Q

ventral mesentary

A

connects stomach and liver to the ventral body wall

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10
Q

how is the primordial gut closed?

A

by the ends of the oropharyngeal membrane and the cloacal membrane

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11
Q

artery of the foregut

A

celiac trunk

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12
Q

foregut range

A

pharyngeal - buccophaaryngeal membrane to respiratory diverticulum
proper- caudal to pharyngeal tube to superior duodenum and superior to ampulla of the pancreatic duct

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13
Q

midgut artery

A

superior mesenteric artery

- inferior duedenum and RIGHT 2/3 of the transverse colon

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14
Q

midgut range

A

inferior to the bile duct/pancreatic duct to the junction of the right 2/3 and left third of the transverse colon

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15
Q

hindgut artery

A

inferior mesenteric artery - left one third of the transverse colon to the rectum upper anal canal

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16
Q

hindgut range

A

left third of the transverse colon to the cloacal membrane

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17
Q

esophagus development

A

develops at the ventral wall of the foregut, below the pharynx and elongates rapidly due to the descent of the heart and lungs

18
Q

upper 1/3 of esophagus

A

muscle fibers are derived from myotomes and is striated muscularis externa

19
Q

lower 2/3 of esophagus

A

muscle fibers are smooth muscle and derived from the splanchnic mesoderm mesencyme

20
Q

esophagotracheal septum

A

partitions the trachea from the esophagus

21
Q

foregut/stomach rotation how/endpoint and what causes it

A

stomach rotates 90 degrees clockwise around the longitudinal axis

  • differential growth
  • creates the greater and lesser curvature of the stomach
22
Q

what do the stomach rotations do to the duodenum?

A

bend it into a C shape and displace it to the right and most of it becomes secondarily retroperitoneal (adhered to body wall)

23
Q

blood supply (artery) to the duodenum

A

celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery
upper = foregut
lower = midgut

24
Q

what happens to pancreas when stomach rotates and where is it derived

A

also becomes put into a retro-peritoneal position with the duodenum and it is derived from endoderm

25
Q

hepatic diverticulum

A

initial growth of the liver and gall bladder

from an endodermal thickening on the ventral aspect of the duodenum

26
Q

what does the hepatic diverticulum grow into?

A

septum transversum

27
Q

2 divisions of the hepatic diverticulum

A
  1. larger cranial portion gives rise to the PRIMORDIAL OF THE LIVER and a connection of the diverticulum and gut tube maintained becomes the bile duct
  2. a smaller, ventral outgrowth of the BILE duct gives rise to the gallbladder and the cystic duct
28
Q

bile duct

A

recieves from hepatic duct from liver and also cystic duct from the gallbladder

29
Q

gallbladder

A

ventral outgrowth of the bile duct that will also give rise to the cystic duct

30
Q

pancreas

A

initially a ventral and dorsal bud originating from the endoderm of the duodenum. when the gut rotation occurs it brings the ventral bud to the left and dorsal and FUSION occurs. the common bile duct will also move dorsal

31
Q

what junction marks end of foregut and beginning of midgut?

A

JUCNTION OF THE PANCREATIC DUCT AND THE COMMON BILE DUCT - both emptying into the duodenum

32
Q

main pancreatic duct

A

main duct of ventral bud and distal part of the duct of the dorsal bud
VENTRAL =MAIN

33
Q

accessory pancreatic duct

A

proximal part of the dorsal bud that regresses can remain as the accessory pancreatic duct

34
Q

primitive umbilical ring

A

junction of embryonic ectoderm and the amnion

35
Q

At week 5 what structures pass through the primitive umbilical ring?

A
  1. connecting stalk with umbilical vessels
  2. yolk stalk (connects midgut and yolk sac)
  3. canal connecting intra and extraembryonic cavities
  4. wharton’s jelly - protects blood vessels (extracellular support)
  5. yolk sac is in the chorionic cavity
36
Q

yolk stalk

A

connects the midgut and yolk sac

37
Q

major event in development of midgut (when and what)

A

physiological HERNIATION of the midgut around WEEK 6. the intestinal loops enter the extraembryonic cavity

38
Q

what causes the midgut/ umbilical herniation?

A

continued midgut elongation (growth of the small intestine is more rapid and greater than the growth of the abdomen
there is also rapid growth and expansion of the liver (abdominal cavity at this stage is too small for all the organs

39
Q

hindgut gives rise to what structures

A 
left 1/3 of the transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper anal canal
40
Q

the endoderm of the hindgut also forms the…

A

epithelial lining of the bladder and urethre

41
Q

how does the descending colon become retroperitoneal?

A

the dorsal mesentary SHORTENS

42
Q

stroma of liver and gall bladder

A

septum transversum and splanchnic mesoderm

Embryology (7 decks)

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