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Over The Counter > Malaria Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Malaria Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria is a parasite spread by which sex of the Anopheles mosquito?

A

Female.

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2
Q

Four species of the protozoan Plasmodium produce malaria in humans: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. falciparum. Which is the most virulent form of malaria, attributable for the majority of deaths associated with malaria infection?

A

P. falciparum.

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3
Q

In general, risk of malaria tends to be highest when?

A

Remote areas more than urban/tourist centres, after rainy or monsoon seasons and at low altitudes.

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4
Q

The parasites of which of the four protozoan Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. Falciparum) can remain dormant in the liver, which explains why malarial symptoms can manifest months after return from an infected region?

A

P. vivax and P. ovale.

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5
Q

What are the most common symptoms of malaria?

A
  1. Fever (although may initially present with chills)
  2. General malaise
  3. Nausea
  4. Vomiting
  5. Headache.
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6
Q

What should be the first line of defence against malarial infection?

A

Effective bite prevention.

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7
Q

Mosquito bites are often on which location of the body?

A

Ankles.

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8
Q

Products with DEET concentration in excess of what can cause skin irritation and occasionally skin blistering?

A

50%.

Advisable that there is a patch test before widespread use.

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9
Q

50% DEET provides protection for up to how many hours?

A

12

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10
Q

30% DEET provides protection for up to how many hours?

A

6

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11
Q

20% DEET provides protection for up to how many hours?

A

1-3

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12
Q

What is the relationship between DEET effectiveness and sunblock DEET effectiveness?

A

DEET reduces the effectiveness of sunblock but sunblock does not affect the effectiveness of DEET.

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13
Q

What are the three options available OTC for malaria prophylaxis?

A
  1. Chloroquine (e.g., Avloclor, Nivaquine)
  2. Proguanil (Paludrine)
  3. Maloff protect (Malarone: atovaquone/proguanil)
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14
Q

Antimalarials (Chloroquine and proguanil) need to be taken at least 1 week before depature, during the stay in the country and for at least how long afterwards?

A

4 weeks

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15
Q

When does maloff protect (Malarone: atovaquone/proguanil) have to be taken?

A

1 or 2 days before travel, and 7 days after you return from the area.

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16
Q

How should maloff (malarone: atovaquone/proguanil) be taken?

A

With food or a milky drink, where possible.

17
Q

If you vomit within how long of taking Maloff protect, should another dose be taken straight away?

A

Within one hour.

18
Q

What should you do if you vomit more than one hour after taking Maloff Protect?

A

Nothing, do not take another Maloff Protect tablet until your next dose is due, as it is likely that Maloff Protect will already be in your system.

19
Q

What is the lowest weight you can buy OTC Maloff Protect?

A

40kg/ 6st 4ilbs

20
Q

Can someone who takes metoclopramide use OTC Maloff Protect?

A

No

21
Q

Which antibiotics rule out buying OTC Maloff Protect? (3)

A

Tetracycline
Rifampicin
Apixaban

22
Q

What blood thinners rule out buying OTC Maloff Protect?

A

Warfarin, any other coumarin-based anticoagulant, or newl oral anticoagulants (NOACs) such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban.

23
Q

Chloroquine, as a single agent, is now almost obsolete against what species of malaria?

A

P. falciparum - still remains effective against the other forms of malaria.

24
Q

Adults and children over 13 should take what amount of chloroquine base each week? Equivalent to two tablets?

A

300mg = two tablets

25
Q

What side effects are associated with chloroquine? (4)

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Headaches
Visual disturbances

26
Q

Can pregnant women taken chloroquine?

A

Yes

27
Q

Can people with epilepsy take chloroquine?

A

No - it may lower the seizure threshold.

28
Q

Patients with what skin condition may notice a worsening of their condition while taking chloroquine?

A

Psoriasis.

29
Q

Why should chloroquine be avoided with amiodarone?

A

Risk of QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia

30
Q

Why should chloroquine be avoided in patients taking ciclosporin?

A

Increased ciclosporin levels

31
Q

Why should chloroquine be avoided in patients taking cimetidine?

A

Increased chloroquine levels

32
Q

Adults and children over the age of 13 should take what dose of proguanil?

A

200mg (two tablets) daily

33
Q

To aid compliance a travel pack suitable for adults on a 2-week holiday contains 14 chloroquine with how many proguanil tables?

A

98

Over The Counter (61 decks)

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