Infectious Childhood Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Which form of menigitis is more common?

A

Viral - but thankfully less serious than bacterial

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2
Q

The peak incidence of contracting meningitis is between what ages?

A

6-12 months

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3
Q

Early symptoms of menigitis include

A

fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability.

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4
Q

In infants with meningitis what are the common features?

A

Floppiness and the dislike of being handled are common.

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5
Q

Any child who experiences neck pain when asked to place their chin on their chest should be referred. Why is this?

A

Indicative of meningitis.

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6
Q

When does the petechial or purpuric non-blanching rash characteristically develop in meningitis?

A

In the latter stages of the disease

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7
Q

Chicken pox is the primary infection observed when a patient contracts what virus? How is it spread?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus.

Spread by either droplet infection or from contact with vesicular exudates.

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8
Q

The incubation period for chicken pox is what?

A

It ranges from 10 to 20 days, prior to the rash developing the patient may experience up to 3 days of prodromal symptoms that could include fever, headache and sore throat.

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9
Q

How does the rash associated with chicke pox usually present?

A

The rash typically begins on the face and scalp, and spreads to the trunk and limbs. Initialy, they appear as small red lumps that rapidly develop into vesicles, which crust over after 3 to 5 days.

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10
Q

How is molluscum contagiosum usually directed?

A

By indirect contact, for example sharing towels, although it is not very contagious.

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11
Q

What are the common places of infection with molluscum contagiosum?

A

Face and axillae (an armpit)

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12
Q

How does a molluscum contagiosum rash present?

A

Crops, appear as pink pearl-like spots usually less than 0.5cm in dimater.

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13
Q

How is molluscum contagiosum treated?

A

The condition will spontaneously resolve but if the parent or child is anxious then referral to the GP should be made because liquid nitrogen can be used to remove the lesions.

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14
Q

Impetigo is a bacterial infection, most notably caused by which two bacteria?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Where is impetigo most commonly found?

A

On the face, around the nose and mouth.

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16
Q

How does an impetigo infectio usually start?

A

A small red itchy patch of inflamed skin that quickly develops into vesciles that rupture and weep.

The exudate dries to a brown, yellow sticky crust.

17
Q

Is impetigo contagious?

A

Yes, children should be kept of school until the rash has cleared.

18
Q

Treatment for impetigo involves what?

A

Topical or systemic antibiotics (e.g. fusidic acid or flucloxacillin).

19
Q

What is measles caused by?

A

An RNA virus which is spread by droplet inhalation.

20
Q

What is the incubation period of measles?

A

between 7 and 14 days which is then followed by 3 or 4 days of prodromal symptoms where the child will have a fever, head cold, cough and conjunctivitis.

21
Q

What are kopliks spots?

A

Found on the inner cheek and gums, they are small white spots, like grains of salt which are diagnostic for measles.

22
Q

What type of rash accompanies measles?

A

A blotchy red rash appears around the ears before moving on to the trunk and limbs.

23
Q

What is german measles?

A

Rubella. Caused by an RNA virus that is spread either via close personal contact or airborne droplets.

24
Q

How do the incubation periods of measles and german measles (rubella) differ?

A

Measles: 7-14 days, more severe.

German measles: 14-21 days

25
Q

Where does the rash of german measles begin?

A

On the face before quickly moving on to the trunk and extremities.

26
Q

What is mumps caused by?

A

Paramyxovirus, transmitted by airborne droplets from the nose and throat.

27
Q

What is the length of the incubation period of mumps?

A

16 to 21 days followed by a fever; with swelling of one or both parotid glands and pain when the mouth is opened.

28
Q

Mumps is much more unpleasant if contracted as an adult and in 20 to 30% of men the diease affects what?

A

The testicles, with a serious infection possibly causing sterility.

29
Q

What is the most serious complication from mumps?

A

meningitis (10% of patients)

30
Q

An incubation period of 7-14 days could be

A

Measles

31
Q

An incubation period of 10-20 days could be

A

Chicken Pox

32
Q

An incubation period of 16 to 21 days could be

A

Mumps

33
Q

An incubation period of 14-21 days could be

A

German measles

34
Q

Illness caused by paramyxovirus

A

Mumps

35
Q

Illness caused by staphylococcus aureus or steptococcus pyogenes

A

Impetigo

36
Q

Erythema infectiosum is also known as

A

Slapped cheek disease or fifth disease

37
Q

Slapped cheek/Fifth disease/Erythema infectiosum is caused by

A

Parovirus B19 and predominantly affects children between the ages of 3 and 15.

38
Q

With Slapped cheek/fifth disease/erythema infectiosum, itch is often present and the rash can spread where?

A

To the arms and legs.

39
Q

Glandular fever is caused by

A

Epstein-Barr virus and is most commonly seen in patients aged between 15 and 24.