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HPIM 19th ID > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Banana-shaped gametocytes

A

P.falciparum

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2
Q

Schuffner’s dots

A

P.vivax

P.ovale

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3
Q

Preference to senescent/older cells

A

P.malariae

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4
Q

Ability to relapse

A

P.vivax
P.ovale

(due to dormant hypnozoites)

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of malaria

A

Direct effects of RBC invasion and destruction by the asexual parasite and the host’s reaction

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6
Q

Merozoites invading the RBCs

A

Trophozoites

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7
Q

Trophozoite consuming 2/3 of the RBCs hemoglobin and grown to occupy most of the cell

A

Schizont

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8
Q

Survival of mosquito to adequately transmit malaria

A

7 days

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9
Q

MC measure of malaria transmission rate

A

Entomologic Inoculation Rate

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10
Q

Protection against death from falciparum malaria

A 
Sickle cell disease
Hemoglobin C and E
Hereditary ovalocytosis
Thalassemias
G6PD deficiency
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11
Q

Ominous feature of falciparum malaria

A

Coma

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12
Q

MC ophathalmologic finding in cerebral malaria

A

Retinal hemorrhages

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13
Q

Convulsions in cerebral malaria

A

More than 2 generalized seizures in 24 hours

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14
Q

Drugs that causes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in malaria (stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion)

A

Quinine

Quinidine

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15
Q

Best biochemical prognosticators in severe malaria

A

Plasma bicarbonate and lactate

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16
Q

Common renal manifestation in severe falciparum malaria

A

ATN

17
Q

Poor prognosis in malaria

A

Liver dysfunction + another organ dysfunction

18
Q

Treatment for transfusion malaria

A

Primaquine

no need for vivax and ovale

19
Q

Malaria causing nephrotic syndrome

A

P.malariae

20
Q

Diagnosis of malaria

A

Demonstation if ASEXUAL forms of parasite in stained PBS

(Romanowsky, Giemsa at 7.2)

thin and thick smears-concentrates parasites this increasing sensitivity

21
Q

Level of parasitemia with inc risk of dying

A

> 105 parasites/L

22
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated malaria

A

Chloroquine-sensitive: Chloroquine or Amodiaquine

Sensitive-falciparum: Artesunate + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

23
Q

Radical treatment for Vivax or Ovale

A

Chloroquine/Amodiaquine + Primaquine

Primaquine: eradicates hepatic forms of Vivax and Ovale; kills gametocytes of Falciparum

24
Q

Treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum

A 
Artemether-lumefantrine
or
Artesunate + Mefloquine
or
Dihydroartemisin-piperaquine
25
Q

Treatment for severe malaria

A 
Artesunate
or
Artemether
or
Quinine
or
Quinidine
26
Q

Has a broader stage specificity and more rapid than other drugs

A

Artemisin and its derivatives

27
Q

Drug causing massive hemolysis in patient with severe G6PD deficiency

A

Primaquine

28
Q

Drug causing megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia

A

Pyrimethamine

29
Q

Only drug advised for pregnant women traveling to areas with drug-resistant malaria

A

Mefloquine

30
Q

Malaria chemoprophylaxis

A

2 days-2 weeks prior to departure and continue up to 4 weeks after leaving the area; except Atovaquone-proganuil or primaquine can be discontinued after 1 week

HPIM 19th ID (16 decks)

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