Malaria

Question 1

Banana-shaped gametocytes

Answer 1

P.falciparum

Question 2

Schuffner’s dots

Answer 2

P.vivax

P.ovale

Question 3

Preference to senescent/older cells

Answer 3

P.malariae

Question 4

Ability to relapse

Answer 4

P.vivax
P.ovale

(due to dormant hypnozoites)

Question 5

Pathogenesis of malaria

Answer 5

Direct effects of RBC invasion and destruction by the asexual parasite and the host’s reaction

Question 6

Merozoites invading the RBCs

Answer 6

Trophozoites

Question 7

Trophozoite consuming 2/3 of the RBCs hemoglobin and grown to occupy most of the cell

Answer 7

Schizont

Question 8

Survival of mosquito to adequately transmit malaria

Answer 8

7 days

Question 9

MC measure of malaria transmission rate

Answer 9

Entomologic Inoculation Rate

Question 10

Protection against death from falciparum malaria

Answer 10

Sickle cell disease
Hemoglobin C and E
Hereditary ovalocytosis
Thalassemias
G6PD deficiency

Question 11

Ominous feature of falciparum malaria

Answer 11

Coma

Question 12

MC ophathalmologic finding in cerebral malaria

Answer 12

Retinal hemorrhages

Question 13

Convulsions in cerebral malaria

Answer 13

More than 2 generalized seizures in 24 hours

Question 14

Drugs that causes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in malaria (stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion)

Answer 14

Quinine

Quinidine

Question 15

Best biochemical prognosticators in severe malaria

Answer 15

Plasma bicarbonate and lactate

Question 16

Common renal manifestation in severe falciparum malaria

Answer 16

ATN

Question 17

Poor prognosis in malaria

Answer 17

Liver dysfunction + another organ dysfunction

Question 18

Treatment for transfusion malaria

Answer 18

Primaquine

no need for vivax and ovale

Question 19

Malaria causing nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

P.malariae

Question 20

Diagnosis of malaria

Answer 20

Demonstation if ASEXUAL forms of parasite in stained PBS

(Romanowsky, Giemsa at 7.2)

thin and thick smears-concentrates parasites this increasing sensitivity

Question 21

Level of parasitemia with inc risk of dying

Answer 21

> 105 parasites/L

Question 22

Treatment for uncomplicated malaria

Answer 22

Chloroquine-sensitive: Chloroquine or Amodiaquine

Sensitive-falciparum: Artesunate + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

Question 23

Radical treatment for Vivax or Ovale

Answer 23

Chloroquine/Amodiaquine + Primaquine

Primaquine: eradicates hepatic forms of Vivax and Ovale; kills gametocytes of Falciparum

Question 24

Treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum

Answer 24

Artemether-lumefantrine
or
Artesunate + Mefloquine
or
Dihydroartemisin-piperaquine

Question 25

Treatment for severe malaria

Answer 25

``` Artesunate or Artemether or Quinine or Quinidine ```

Question 26

Has a broader stage specificity and more rapid than other drugs

Answer 26

Artemisin and its derivatives

Question 27

Drug causing massive hemolysis in patient with severe G6PD deficiency

Answer 27

Primaquine

Question 28

Drug causing megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia

Answer 28

Pyrimethamine

Question 29

Only drug advised for pregnant women traveling to areas with drug-resistant malaria

Answer 29

Mefloquine

Question 30

Malaria chemoprophylaxis

Answer 30

2 days-2 weeks prior to departure and continue up to 4 weeks after leaving the area; except Atovaquone-proganuil or primaquine can be discontinued after 1 week