HIV Flashcards

1
Q

MCC of HIV disease

A

HIV1

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2
Q

2 major envelope proteins of HIV

A

gp120

gp41

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3
Q

Hallmark of RNA virus

A

Reverse transcription of genomic RNA to DNA by reverse transcriptase

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4
Q

Replication cycle of HIV

A

gp120 > CD4 > CCR5, CXR4 > fusion with gp41 > reverse transcription

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5
Q

Responsible for most HIV infections in the world

A

HIV1 Group M

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6
Q

MC mode of HIV transmission

A

Heterosexual transmission

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7
Q

Chief predictor of heterosexual transmission

A

Level of plasma viremia

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8
Q

ARV of choice in the perinatal period

A

Zidovudine by 2nd trimester of pregnancy through delivery + infant for 6 weeks after birth

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9
Q

Hallmark of HIV disease

A

Profound immunodeficiency due to progressive quantitative and qualitative deficiency of T helper cells
(chronic persistent infection)

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10
Q

Primary cellular receptor for HIV

A

CD4

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11
Q

Major factor in the establishment of a chronic and persistent infection

A

Dissemination of virus to lymphoid organs, particularly the GALT

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12
Q

CD4 count patient becomes highly susceptible to opportunistic disease

A

<200 (AIDS defining)
esp P jiroveci

<50 MAC, CMV, Toxo

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13
Q

Major anatomic sites for the establishment and propagation of HIV infection

A

Lymphoid tissues

level of plasma viremia directly reflects virus production in lymphoid tssue

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14
Q

Autoimmune-like phenomenon manifesting as paradoxical deterioration of clinical condition usually compartmentalized to a particular organ system seen after initiation of ARV

A

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)

commonly seen in MTB and cryptococcosis

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15
Q

Cytokines indcers of HIV

A

TNF a
IL 1B
IL 6

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16
Q

Cytokines that suppress HIV

A

IFN a and B

17
Q

Standard blood SCREENING test

18
Q

CONFIRMATORY test

A

Western blot

19
Q

Positive Western Blot

A

(+) antibodies to 2 of 3: p24, gp41, gp 120/160

20
Q

MC patterns of cross-reactivity

A

Antibodies that react with p24 and/or p55

21
Q

If indeterminate for western blot

A

Repeat 4-6 weeks and do

p24 antigen capture assay
or HIV1 RNA
or HIV1 DNA PCR + serologic HIV2

22
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of HIV

A

positive EIA + confirmatory Western blot

23
Q

Best indicator of the immediate state of immunologic competence of the patient and ith HIV infection

A

CD4 T cell counts

24
Q

CD4 count for initiation of ARV

25
Guideline for initiating therapy based on HIV RNA
>100,000 copies Goal <50 copies
26
First CCR5 antagonist
Maraviroc
27
MC manifestation of pulmonary disease in HIV
Pneumonia
28
MC clinically significant cardiac finding in HIV
Dilated CMP with CHF
29
Hallmark of HIVAN
proteinuria
30
Renal biopsy finding in HIVAN
FSGS
31
MC hematologic abnormality in HIV
Anemia
32
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL)
LN >1cm >2 extrainguinal sites >3mos
33
Leading infectious cause if meningitis with AIDS
C.neoformans | CD4 <100
34
MC peripheral neuropathy
Distal sensory polyneuropathy
35
MC abnormal finding on fundoscopy
Cotton-wool spots