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2a Haematology > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Where is malaria most common?

A

Africa

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2
Q

Malaria is a n_____ p____ infection

A

notifiable protozoal infection

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3
Q

What type of plasmodium is the most common malaria causing carried my female anopheles (genus type) mosquitoes?

A

plasmodium falciparum

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4
Q

Which groups of people are most at risk of malaria?

A

Young children
Old people
Pregnant ladies

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5
Q

What is carried in mosquito saliva which starts malaria infection?

A

Sporozoites

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6
Q

The sporozoites multiply in which cell of the human body?

A

Hepatocytes

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7
Q

What do the sporozoites multiply in the hepatocytes as (what are the daughter parasites called)?

A

Merozoites

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8
Q

What are the species of protozoa that have some merozoites lay dormant as hypnozoites?

A

plasmodium ovale and plasmodium vivax

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9
Q

In the RBCs of the human host, what do the merozoites transform into?

A

trophozoites

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10
Q

What do trophozoites transform into?

A

Schizont

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11
Q

What do schizont transform into?

A

New merozoites

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12
Q

The contaminated RBCs r____ and cause a systemic infection

A

rupture

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13
Q

What are symptoms of malaria?

A

Fever + exotic travel
Anaemia
Blackwater fever (malarial haemoglobinuria)
Hepatosplenomegaly

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14
Q

What is blackwater fever?

A

Sudden onset of haemolysis (destruction of RBCs) leading to release of haemoglobin into bloodstream which can cause dark or “black” urine.

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15
Q

What are symptoms that children may present with in malaria?

A

Convulsions (60-80%)
Increased ICP
Hypoglycaemia

Need to rule out meningitis by examining and CSF analysis

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16
Q

What is ICP?

A

Intracranial pressure

17
Q

How do you diagnose malaria?

A

Thick blood film to identify whether malaria present
Thin blood film to identify what species is present
Need to take 3 separate -ve readings before declaring -ve.

18
Q

What other condition requires 3 negative readings before confirming a negative test result?

A

TB

(HIV also recommends repeated tests at time intervals)

19
Q

What is treatment for malaria?

A

Quinine and doxycycline (antimalarials)
or Artesunate (through IV if severe)

20
Q

What is a side effect of quinine?

A

Hypoglycaemia

21
Q

Where is a common source of malaria causing parasites spread through mosquitoes?

A

Contaminated stagnated pools

22
Q

What are the different transformations in the host of the sporozoites?

A

Sporozoite
Merozoite
Trophozoite
schizont
new merozoite
(and gametocytes)

2a Haematology (16 decks)

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