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Autonomics > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Quinine (Qualaquin)

A

Class: Quinolone derivitive
Mechanism: Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases
Therapeutics: Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks
Side Effects: Cinchonism, hypotension, hypoglycemia, abortion, arrhythmias

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2
Q

Chloroquine (Aralen)

A

Class: Quinolone derivitive
Mechanism: Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases
Therapeutics: Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks
Side Effects: Itching (Africans), retinitis (rare)

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3
Q

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A

Class: Quinolone derivitive
Mechanism: Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases
Therapeutics: Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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4
Q

Mefloquine (Lariam)

A

Class: Quinolone derivitive
Mechanism: Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases
Therapeutics: Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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5
Q

Primaquine (Primaryl)

A

Class: Quinolone derivitive
Mechanism: Forms quinolone-quinone intermediates that oxidize schizont membranes
Therapeutics: Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks
Side Effects: Hemolysis (G6PD), methemoglobinemia

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6
Q

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

A

Mechanism: Positive charge helps chloroquine overcome chloroquine-resistant malaria vacuoles; point mutations against amantadine return bacteria to chloroquine-sensitivity

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7
Q

Artesunate

A

Class: Artemisinin compound
Mechanism: Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum
Side Effects: Neurotoxicity, prolongation of QT interval

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8
Q

Artemether

A

Class: Artemisinin compound
Mechanism: Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum
Side Effects:Neurotoxicity, prolongation of QT interval

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9
Q

Lumefantrine

A

Class: Aminoalcohol
Therapeutics: Used in combination w/artemether (called Coartem)

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10
Q

Atovaquone (Mepron)

A

Class: Napthalene
Mechanism: Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electron transport
Therapeutics: Used in combination w/proguanil

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11
Q

Chloroguanide (Malarone)

A

Class: Antifolates
Mechanism: Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (human and parasite pathway)
Side Effects: Rare

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12
Q

Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)

A

Class: Antifolates
Mechanism: Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (human and parasite pathway)

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13
Q

Tetracycline (Tetracyn)

A

Class: Antibiotic
Therapeutics: Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

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14
Q

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

A

Class: Antibiotic
Therapeutics: Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

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15
Q

Doxycycline (Adoxa)

A

Class: Antibiotic
Therapeutics: Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

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Autonomics (10 decks)

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