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PSBIM 2023 - IDS > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Various species associated with
malarial infection in humans and their characteristics

A
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2
Q

Phenotype carried by West Africans which are generally resistant to P. vivax malaria

A

Duffy-negative FyFy phenotype

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3
Q

Pathogenesis of malarial infection

A
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4
Q

Period of asexual reproduction

A

Intrahepatic or preerythrocytic schizogony

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5
Q

Dormant forms, causes of relapses

A

hypnozoites

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6
Q

when the parasite has consumed two-thirds of the RBC’s hemoglobin and has grown to occupy most of the cell

A

schizont

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7
Q

morphologically distinct, longer-lived sexual forms, can transmit malaria

A

gametocytes

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8
Q

Vector of malaria

A

Anopheles mosquito

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9
Q

Principal determinants of the epidemiology of malaria

A
  1. Number (density)
  2. Human-biting habits
  3. Longevity of the anopheline mosquito vectors
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10
Q

Central to the pathogenesis of falciparum malaria

A
  1. Cytoadherence
  2. Rosetting
  3. Agglutination
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11
Q

Genetic disorders that confer protection against death from falciparum malaria

A
  1. Thalassemia
  2. Sickle cell disease
  3. Hemoglobin C and E
  4. Hereditary ovalocytosis
  5. G6PD deficiency
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12
Q

defined in terms of rates of microscopy-detected parasitemia or palpable spleens in children 2-9 years of age

A

Endemicity

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13
Q

Classifications of endemicity

A
  1. Hypoendemic (<10%)
  2. Mesoendemic (11-50%)
  3. Hyperendemic (51-75%)
  4. Holoendemic (>75%)
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14
Q

Initial constitutional symptoms

A

Lack of a sense of well-being, headache, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and muscle aches followed by fever

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15
Q

Manifestations of severe falciparum malaria

A
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16
Q

characteristic and ominous feature of falciparum malaria, and even with treatment, has been associated with death rates of ~20% among adults and 15% among children

A

Coma

17
Q

Manifestation of cerebral malaria

A

Diffuse symmetric encephalopathy, focal neurologic signs are unusual

18
Q

Clinical features indicating a poor prognosis in severe falciparum malaria

A
19
Q

Laboratory features indicating a poor prognosis

A
20
Q

Pregnant women with malaria

A

-fetal loss in early pregnancy
-more severe in areas with unstable transmission
-high parasetemia with anemia
-hypoglycemia
-acute pulmonary edema

21
Q

Common results of pregnancy in people with malaria

A

fetal distress
premature labor
stillbirth
low birthweight

22
Q

transfusion malaria

A

-transmitted by BT, needlestick injury or organ transplantation
-short incubation period
-no preerythrocytic stage of development
-primaquine unnecessary for transfusion transmitted P. vivax and P. ovale

23
Q

Chronic complications of malaria

A

-Hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly
-Quartan malarial nephropathy
-Burkitt’s lymphoma and EBV infection

24
Q

Approach to diagnosis of malaria

A

thick and thin smears should be prepared and examined immediately to confirm the diagnosis and identify the species of infecting parasite

25
Q

diagnosis of malaria

A

demonstration of asexual forms of the parasite in stained peripheral blood smears

26
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated malaria

A
27
Q

Treatment for severe malaria

A
27
Q

Treatment for severe malaria

A
28
Q

Firstline treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in malaria-endemic areas

A

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)

29
Q

Drug of choice for all patients with severe malaria

A

Artesunate

30
Q

Indications to stop quinidine infusion

A

-total plasma levels exceed 8 ug/ml
-QT interval exceeds 0.6s
-QRS complex widens more than 25% overbaseline

31
Q

Cannot be given to pregnant women

A

Primaquine
Tetracycline
Doxycycline

32
Q

Complications of severe malaria

A

Acute renal failure
Acute pulmonary edema
Hypoglycemia
Sepsis
Bleeding
Convulsions

33
Q

Only drug advised for pregnant women travelling to areas with drug-resistant malaria

A

Mefloquine

34
Q

Duration of chemoprophylaxis for travelers

A

2 days to 2 weeks before departure and continued until 4 weeks after the traveler has left

35
Q

Should not be given to patients with G6PD deficiency, as it causes serious hemolysis

A

Primaquine

PSBIM 2023 - IDS (17 decks)

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