Infections of the skin, muscles and soft tissues Flashcards
Dermal anatomy and the risk of specific infections
Infections associated with vesicles
difference between SSSS and TEN
cleavage plane:
SSSS- stratum corneum
TEN - stratum germinativum
infections associated with bullae
Infections associated with crust
Etiologies of folliculitis
Infections associated with
popular and nodular lesions
Infections associated with
ulcerations
lesion in secondary vs tertiary syphilis
Secondary syphilis - flat papulosquamous lesions
Tertiary syphilis - large nodules or gummas
due to tissue hypoxemia secondary to pressure-induced vascular insufficiency and may become secondarily infected with components of skin GI flora
Decubitus ulcers
etiologic agent of erysipelas
S. pyogenes
Distinctive feature of erysipelas
well-defined indurated margins, particularly along the nasolabial fold, rapid progression and intense pain
Treatment of erysipelas
Penicilllin
an acute inflammatory condition of the skin characterized by localized pain, erythema, swelling and heat
Cellulitis
Purulent cellulitis
Infections caused by MRSA /MSSA
Non purulent cellulitis
Infections caused by S. pyogenes
-more rapidly spreading, diffuse process and is frequently associated with lymphangitis and fever
cellulitis that occurs primarily in elderly patients and those with DM or peripheral vascular disease
Streptococcus agalactiae cellulitis
cellulitis that causes periorbital cellulitis in children in association with sinusitis, otitis media, or epiglottis
Haemophilus influenza
Treatment of choice for animal or human bite infections
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Ampicillin-sulbactam
Cefoxitin
Three types of soft tissue infection caused by P. aeroginosa
- Ecthyma gangrenosum in neutropenic patients
- Hot-tub folliculitis
- Cellulitis following penetrating injury
Etiologic agents of necrotizing fascitis
hallmark of pleurodynia (coxsackievirus B), trichinellosis, and bacterial infection
Severe muscle pain
usually follows severe penetrating injuries that result in interruption of the blood supply and introduction of soil into the wounds
Gas gangrene
a variant of necrotizing fascitis caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with exclusion of clostridial organisms
Synergistic nonclostridial anaerobic myonecrosis
Treatment of common infections of the skin
Reasons for early and aggressive surgical exploration of suspected necrotizing fascitis, myositis and gangrene
- Visualize deep structures
- Remove necrotic tissue
- Reduce compartment pressure
- Obtain suitable material for Gram’s staining and for aerobic and anaerobic cultures
duration of antibiotic treatment
should be continued until all signs of systemic toxicity have resolved, all devitalized tissue has been removed, and granulation tissue has developed
