Acute infectious diarrheal diseases and Bacterial food poisoning Flashcards
Gastrointestinal pathogens causing acute diarrhea
Action of cholera toxin
increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the intestinal cell which increases Cl- secretion and decreases Na absorption leading to a loss of fluid and the production of diarrhea
Blood type with increased susceptibility to disease due to V. cholera, Shigella, E. coli O157 and norovirus
Blood group O
Mild dehydration
thirst, dry mouth, decreased axillary sweat, decreased urine output and slight weight loss
Moderate dehydration
orthostatic fall in blood pressure, skin tenting, and sunken eyes
Severe dehydration
lethargy, obtundation, feeble pulse, hypotension, and frank shock
Clinical approach to patients with diarrhea
Single most important agent in travelers diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Causes of traveler’s diarrhea
Post-diarrhea complications of Acute infectious diarrheal illness
Etiologic agents of bacterial food poisoning
Mainstay of treatment of acute diarrheal illness
Adequate rehydration
Treatment of traveler’s diarrhea on the basis of clinical features
Preferred antibiotic for Campylobacter infection
Macrolide - erythromycin or azithromycin
HIgh risk of complications from disseminated salmonellosis
Infants
Patients with prosthetic devices
Patients over 50
Immunocompromised persons
