Malaria

Question 1

Parasites

Answer 1

Microorganism living and feeding off living hosts , receiving nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts nutrients absorption causing weakness and disease

Question 2

Protozoa

Examples?

Answer 2

single cell eukaryotic org ( intestinal ,urogenital, blood and tissue)

• flagellates, amoebae, apicomplexans (sporozoans), ciliates, pseudopods

Question 3

Helminths

examples?

Answer 3

multicellular worm-like org.

- Nematodes (roundworms), Trematodes (flukes), cestodes (tapeworms)

Question 4

Transmission routes of parasites

Answer 4

• Oral-faecal, ingestion ( contaminated water -USA, contact with infectd cats-toxoplasmosis, entamoeba histolytica)
• venereal route ( sexual intercourse)
• Insect bite in tropical areas
• Direct skin penetration (wound infection) - nematodes

Question 5

Important blood and tissue protozoa

Answer 5

-Plasmodium species (mosquito bite): malaria

-Babesia species (tick bite): hemolytic anemia,
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

• Toxoplasma species (oral-fecal): lymphadenitis, hepatitis, encephalomyelitis, myocarditis, chorioretinitis
• Sarcocystis species (ingestion of infected meat): myositis, dyspnea, eosinophilia
• Acanthoamoeba species (contaminated water): meningoencephalitis
• Balamuthia species (contaminated water)
• Naegleria species (contaminated water)
• Leishmania species (sandfly bite): kala-azar/dumdum fever/visceral leishmaniasis
• Trypanosoma species (fly/bug bite): sleeping sickness / Chagas disease

Question 6

Who discovered the cause of malaria?

Answer 6

Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1880 -Algeria)

1907- Nobel prize physiology or medicine

Question 7

Who discovered the transmission route?

Answer 7

Sir Ronald Ross (Nobel prize -1902)

Transmitted by Anopheles mosquito (females), blood transfusion , mother to fetus or neonate

Question 8

Who discovered antigenic variation in T.brucei?

Answer 8

KEITH VICKERMAN -1979