Infectious Disease Epidemology

Question 1

Infectious disease

Answer 1

Caused by pathogenic microorganisms which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another

Question 2

Medical Microbiology

Answer 2

The study of microorganisms that’s are of medical importance and susceptible of causing disease in human beings

Question 3

Incubation period

Answer 3

Time between infection and presentation of symptoms

Question 4

Latency

Answer 4

Chronic infection that is asymptomatic where the pathogen is in dormant or non replicative state

Question 5

Vector born

Answer 5

Disease transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species - eg Malaria

Question 6

Opportunistic

Answer 6

Diseases which typically don’t infect humans , however when suitable situation arise they can infect us. This could be when our host defences are depleted

Question 7

Disease

Answer 7

Disturbance in the state of health

Question 8

Microbe pathway to cause a disease

Answer 8

1. Contamination
2. Adherence
3. Colonisation
4. Invasion
5. Damage

Question 9

Top 8 of Death Infections - 2016

Answer 9

1. Respiratory Infectious
2. Diarrhoeal diseases
3. Tuberculosis
4. HIV/AIDS
5. Malaria
6. Hepatitis B
7. Syphilis
8. Measles

Question 10

Epidemiology

Answer 10

Study and analysis of the incidence , distribution and control of diseases

Question 11

Infectious diseases : 4 case scenarios

Answer 11

• carrier
• No infection
• subclinical
• clinical

Subclinical can lead to carrier , immunity or non immunity

Clinical can lead to death , carrier , immunity or no immunity

Question 12

Route of transmission- Direct

Answer 12

Skin-skin: Herpes type 1 
Mucous -mucous : STIs 
Across placenta : toxoplasmosis 
Through breast milk :  HIV 
Sneeze - cough : Influenza

Question 13

Route of transmission- indirect

Answer 13

Food borne - Salmonella
Water borne - Hepatitis A
Vector Borne - Malaria
Air borne - Chickenpox

Question 14

Timeline for infection

Answer 14

Dynamic of disease 
Infection 
Incubation period 
Symptomatic period 
Non diseased

Question 15

Attack rate

Answer 15

Attack rate = ill/exposed

Question 16

Epidemiologic Triad

Answer 16

Agent

Host Environment

Question 17

Infectivity

Answer 17

(no.infected/no.susceptible) x 100

Question 18

Pathogenicity

Answer 18

(no.clinical disease/ no.infected) x100

Question 19

Virulence

Answer 19

(no.death/no.diseased)x100

Question 20

Identify the microbial cause of specific disease

Answer 20

Microbe must be present in every case of the disease but not in healthy organisms

Microbe must be isolated from a disease host and grown in pure culture

Disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is introduced into a non-disease susceptible host

Microbe must be recoverable from an experimentally infected host