Malabsorption and Malnutrition Flashcards
Define Malnutrition
Insufficient dietary intake to meet metabolic requirements
Define Malabsorption
Disorder of the digestive tract in the inability to utilise a dietary intake
What does PEM stand for?
Protein Energy Malnutrition
Describe what Kwashiorkor is and how it is characterised
Severe protein malnutrition, characterised by an Oedema, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates
State two PEM conditions which affect the Developing world
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
What is the difference between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus?
Kwashiorkor is sufficient caloric intake but insiffucient protein intake
Marasmus is insufficient caloric and protein intake
What are three causes of Anorexia?
- Malignancy
- Infection / Inflammation i.e. TB / AIDs
- Anorexia nervosa
An Fe deficiency causes what type of morphologically distinguishable anaemia?
Microcytic, Hypochromic anaemia
What population is particularly at risk of Fe deficiency?
Menstruating women (loss of blood)
Vegetarians (do not eat red meat)
A B6 deficiency is associated with…?
Neuropathy
A B1 deficiency is associated with…?
Cardiomyopathy & encephalopathy
A B2 deficiency is associated with…?
Stomatitis
A Niacin (B3) deficiency is associated with…?
Pellagra
An Folic acid deficiency causes what type of morphologically distinguishable anaemia?
Megaloblastic anaemia
A Vitamin D deficiency is associated with…?
Osteomalacia and Rickets
A B12 deficiency is associated with…? 5 conditions
Megaloblastic anaemia Ataxia Dementia Sub acute cord degeneration (SACD) Neuropathy
A Vitamin K deficiency is associated with…?
Coagulopathy (bleeding disorder)
A Vitamin C deficiency is associated with…?
Scurvy
Sucrose is broken into what components by what enzyme?
Glucose + Fructose via Sucrase
Lactose is broken into what components by what enzyme?
Glucose + Galactose via Lactase
Maltose is broken into what components by what enzyme?
Glucose x2 via Maltase
What are some fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
What are some water soluble vitamins?
B complex
C
Give examples of salivary glands
Parotid gland
Submandibular
Sublingual
The digestive processes of the stomach is primarily guided by what nerve?
Vagus nerve
Damage to the vagus nerve which causes delayed gastric emptying is called what?
Gastroparesis
Which compound is required for B12 absorption?
Intrinsic Factor (IF)
What are the three Pancreatic enzymes?
Amylase
Pancreatic Lipase
Proteases
The parasite Giardia Lamblia causes what small intestine infection?
Giardiasis
Tropheryma whipplei is the causative agent of what condition?
Whipple’s disease
What is Blind Loop Syndrome?
Overgrowth of bacteria in outpouches of the Small intestine (sometimes due to surgical complication)
