Malabsorption and Malnutrition

Question 1

Define Malnutrition

Answer 1

Insufficient dietary intake to meet metabolic requirements

Question 2

Define Malabsorption

Answer 2

Disorder of the digestive tract in the inability to utilise a dietary intake

Question 3

What does PEM stand for?

Answer 3

Protein Energy Malnutrition

Question 4

Describe what Kwashiorkor is and how it is characterised

Answer 4

Severe protein malnutrition, characterised by an Oedema, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates

Question 5

State two PEM conditions which affect the Developing world

Answer 5

Kwashiorkor

Marasmus

Question 6

What is the difference between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus?

Answer 6

Kwashiorkor is sufficient caloric intake but insiffucient protein intake

Marasmus is insufficient caloric and protein intake

Question 7

What are three causes of Anorexia?

Answer 7

• Malignancy
• Infection / Inflammation i.e. TB / AIDs
• Anorexia nervosa

Question 8

An Fe deficiency causes what type of morphologically distinguishable anaemia?

Answer 8

Microcytic, Hypochromic anaemia

Question 9

What population is particularly at risk of Fe deficiency?

Answer 9

Menstruating women (loss of blood)

Vegetarians (do not eat red meat)

Question 10

A B6 deficiency is associated with…?

Answer 10

Neuropathy

Question 11

A B1 deficiency is associated with…?

Answer 11

Cardiomyopathy & encephalopathy

Question 12

A B2 deficiency is associated with…?

Answer 12

Stomatitis

Question 13

A Niacin (B3) deficiency is associated with…?

Answer 13

Pellagra

Question 14

An Folic acid deficiency causes what type of morphologically distinguishable anaemia?

Answer 14

Megaloblastic anaemia

Question 15

A Vitamin D deficiency is associated with…?

Answer 15

Osteomalacia and Rickets

Question 16

A B12 deficiency is associated with…? 5 conditions

Answer 16

Megaloblastic anaemia
Ataxia
Dementia
Sub acute cord degeneration (SACD)
Neuropathy

Question 17

A Vitamin K deficiency is associated with…?

Answer 17

Coagulopathy (bleeding disorder)

Question 18

A Vitamin C deficiency is associated with…?

Answer 18

Scurvy

Question 19

Sucrose is broken into what components by what enzyme?

Answer 19

Glucose + Fructose via Sucrase

Question 20

Lactose is broken into what components by what enzyme?

Answer 20

Glucose + Galactose via Lactase

Question 21

Maltose is broken into what components by what enzyme?

Answer 21

Glucose x2 via Maltase

Question 22

What are some fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 22

A, D, E, K

Question 23

What are some water soluble vitamins?

Answer 23

B complex

C

Question 24

Give examples of salivary glands

Answer 24

Parotid gland
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 25

The digestive processes of the stomach is primarily guided by what nerve?

Answer 25

Vagus nerve

Question 26

Damage to the vagus nerve which causes delayed gastric emptying is called what?

Answer 26

Gastroparesis

Question 27

Which compound is required for B12 absorption?

Answer 27

Intrinsic Factor (IF)

Question 28

What are the three Pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 28

Amylase
Pancreatic Lipase
Proteases

Question 29

The parasite Giardia Lamblia causes what small intestine infection?

Answer 29

Giardiasis

Question 30

Tropheryma whipplei is the causative agent of what condition?

Answer 30

Whipple’s disease

Question 31

What is Blind Loop Syndrome?

Answer 31

Overgrowth of bacteria in outpouches of the Small intestine (sometimes due to surgical complication)