Hepatic Pathology Flashcards
What are some symptoms of Hepatitis?
Fever Malaise Nausea Hepatomegaly Pain
In Viral Hepatitis, what liver function enzymes will be raised?
ALT and AST, but ALT > AST
How is Hepatitis A transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Fecal-oral route
Almost always acute
What serological markers denote a Hepatitis A infection?
HAV IgM antibody = active infection
HAV IgG antibody = recovery or vaccination previously
How is Hepatitis E transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Feacal-oral route
Almost always acute
What are some differences between HAV and HEV?
HEV has no immunisation, whereas HAV does
HEV is also very serious in pregnant women -> fulminant hepatitis
How is Hepatitis C transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Blood-borne, can be acute or chronic (mainly chronic)
What are the tests used to help diagnose Hepatitis C?
- Enzyme Immunoassay
- Recombinant Immunoblot
- HCV RNA test (PCR)
How is Hepatitis B transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Blood-borne, can be acute or chronic
Which Hepatitis Virus is most associated with Liver cancer?
HBV and HCV
What are the tests used to help diagnose Hepatitis B?
- HBsAg
- HBcAG
- E antigen
Outline 5 causes of Hepatitis
- Alcohol
- Viral Disease
- Non-Alcoholic Steattohepatitis
- Drugs
- Auto-immune Hepatitis
How is Hepatitis D transmitted?
Blood borne, but can only be transmitted alongside HBV (co-infection) or after person already has HBV (superinfection)
What serological markers denote a Hepatitis D infection?
HDV IgM or IgG (active infection)
No protective antibody
What is the most common cause of ascities?
Cirrhosis of the liver
How is Hepatic Encephalopathy caused?
Decline in brain function due to severe liver disease. Liver cannot remove toxins which then cross the BBB and cause brain damage
What can severe ascities lead to?
Abdominal distension
