Hepatic Pathology Flashcards
What are some symptoms of Hepatitis?
Fever Malaise Nausea Hepatomegaly Pain
In Viral Hepatitis, what liver function enzymes will be raised?
ALT and AST, but ALT > AST
How is Hepatitis A transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Fecal-oral route
Almost always acute
What serological markers denote a Hepatitis A infection?
HAV IgM antibody = active infection
HAV IgG antibody = recovery or vaccination previously
How is Hepatitis E transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Feacal-oral route
Almost always acute
What are some differences between HAV and HEV?
HEV has no immunisation, whereas HAV does
HEV is also very serious in pregnant women -> fulminant hepatitis
How is Hepatitis C transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Blood-borne, can be acute or chronic (mainly chronic)
What are the tests used to help diagnose Hepatitis C?
- Enzyme Immunoassay
- Recombinant Immunoblot
- HCV RNA test (PCR)
How is Hepatitis B transmitted? Is it acute or chronic?
Blood-borne, can be acute or chronic
Which Hepatitis Virus is most associated with Liver cancer?
HBV and HCV
What are the tests used to help diagnose Hepatitis B?
- HBsAg
- HBcAG
- E antigen
Outline 5 causes of Hepatitis
- Alcohol
- Viral Disease
- Non-Alcoholic Steattohepatitis
- Drugs
- Auto-immune Hepatitis
How is Hepatitis D transmitted?
Blood borne, but can only be transmitted alongside HBV (co-infection) or after person already has HBV (superinfection)
What serological markers denote a Hepatitis D infection?
HDV IgM or IgG (active infection)
No protective antibody
What is the most common cause of ascities?
Cirrhosis of the liver
