Drugs and the Liver

Question 1

What are the structures in the Periportal region? Is it hypoxia or normoxic?

Answer 1

In the periportal region there is the Portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile ductule. It is normoxic

Question 2

What are the structures in the Perivenous region? Is it hypoxia or normoxic?

Answer 2

Central vein, and it is hypoxic

Question 3

If a drug has a high extraction ratio, what does this mean? What does it depend on?

Answer 3

Drugs are rapidly cleared from the blood by the liver, and it usually depends on hepatic blood flow

Question 4

If a drug has a low extraction ratio, what does this mean? What does it depend on?

Answer 4

Drugs are not cleared by the liver, and it usually depends on the ability to process the drug

Question 5

What is Phase I metabolism? What reactions occur in Phase I drug metabolism?

Answer 5

Rendering drugs to become more polar. Oxidation, Hydrolysis, Hydroxylation and Deamination

Question 6

What is Phase II metabolism? What reactions occur in Phase II drug metabolism?

Answer 6

Addition of a substance to render it less harmful. Reactions include Glucoronidation, Acetylation, Sulfonation

Question 7

Why might liver disease impair drug metabolism?

Answer 7

Due to reduced hepatic blood flow, reduced CYP450 activity, reduced plasma protein binding