Making Sense Of The Environment

Question 1

What does frontal lobe do?

Answer 1

Largest lobe that manages many cognitive abilities like planning, language, emotions, thinking, decision making

Question 2

What are the four stages of cognitive development?

Answer 2

1. Sensorimotor: when both sensory and motor skills are used for exploration
2. Preoperational: understands physical gestures and meanings (2-7 yrs)
3. Concrete operational: 7-11 yrs when one starts understanding the concept of conservation and begins to develop
4. Formal operational: 11+ years at this point a personality is developed and how it would react towards certain emotions

Question 3

What are the four problem solving methods?

Answer 3

1. Trial and Error: hunting on books and finding information quickly or may not find
2. Algorithmic methods: Looking at certain chapters chapters for instance recent ones
3. Deductive reasoning: May look under a specific research
4. Inductive reasoning: looking at reasonable topics

Question 4

What’s heuristics?

Answer 4

Simplified principles used to make decisions
Horn effect: Negative assumption about something or someone
Halo effect: Positive assumption about something or someone

Question 5

What’s conformational bias?

Answer 5

Believing in something based on some information without considering any other source

Question 6

What is perseverance?

Answer 6

Believing in something even after being provided with correct information

Question 7

What’s hindsight bias?

Answer 7

Where we feel that we actually predicted an outcome of a situation even if we didn’t

Question 8

What are the two important structures for alertness?

Answer 8

Reticular formation (collection of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and prefrontal cortex (receives signals)

Question 9

What’s phonology in language?

Answer 9

Actual sound of language. English has 40 different speech sounds or phonemes

Question 10

Morphology?

Answer 10

Form and structure of words.

Question 11

Syntax?

Answer 11

The way words and phrases are arranged into sentences

Question 12

What’s pragmatics?

Answer 12

It’s the study of words and their meaning in terms of context and the intentions and perspectives of its users

Question 13

Where do language comprehension and speech production occur in brain?

Answer 13

Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area respectively

Question 14

What’s aphasia?

Answer 14

A deficit of language production or comprehension

Question 15

What’s Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 15

Non fluent conversational speech and slow halting speech production

Question 16

What’s wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 16

It is characterized by retained motor production and fluency of speech but loss of comprehension of speech

Question 17

What’s conduction aphasia?

Answer 17

When speech production and comprehension are intact but a person is unable to repeat words or phrases